Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Citations
2,796 citations
Cites background or methods from "Using Self-Report Assessment Method..."
...The FMI, FFMQ, KIMS, and MAAS have been shown to correlate inversely with a variety of indicators of psychopathology, including dissociation, alexithymia, and general psychological distress (e.g., Baer et al., 2006; Walach et al., 2006)....
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...…Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI; e.g., Walach et al., 2006), the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer et al., 2004), the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et al., 2006), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003; Carlson & Brown, 2005)....
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...Scores on these scales have also been negatively related to neuroticism (e.g., Baer et al., 2006) and the MAAS has also been positively related to extroversion (Brown & Ryan, 2003); both personality dispositions have been linked to affective well-being (e.g., Diener, Suh, & Lucas, 1999)....
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...Several self-report measures have been recently published in attempts to assess dispositional mindfulness, including the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI; e.g., Walach et al., 2006), the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer et al., 2004), the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et al., 2006), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003; Carlson & Brown, 2005)....
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...The extant measures of mindfulness also reflect a diversity of definitions, with self-report scales ranging in complexity from one factor (Brown & Ryan, 2003; Walach, Buchheld, Buttenmuller, Kleinknecht, & Schmidt, 2006) to five (Baer et al., 2006)....
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2,294 citations
Cites background or methods or result from "Using Self-Report Assessment Method..."
...However, in a previous sample of student participants (N = 613; Baer et al., 2006) for whom both the FFMQ facets and the original mindfulness instruments can be scored, correlations between FFMQ facets and the other mindfulness measures are very high....
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...In addition, we predicted that the hierarchical five-factor structure of mindfulness facets reported by Baer et al. (2006) for individuals with meditation experience would be replicated....
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...Because our purpose was to investigate in new samples the construct validity of the five mindfulness facets derived in previous research (Baer et al., 2006), we measured mindfulness using only the FFMQ....
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...All participants completed the FFMQ (Baer et al., 2006), which assesses five facets of a general tendency to be mindful in daily life: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonreactivity to inner experience, and nonjudging of inner experience....
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...The purpose of this project, therefore, was to investigate several important aspects of the construct validity of the FFMQ that previous work (Baer et al., 2006) could not address because of its reliance on student samples with little meditation experience....
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2,109 citations
Cites background from "Using Self-Report Assessment Method..."
...In their current conceptualization and operationalization within contemporary research contexts (Baer et al., 2006; Neff, 2003a), mindfulness and self-compassion are highly correlated....
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...The relationship between self-compassion and mindfulness In their current conceptualization and operationalization within contemporary research contexts (Baer et al., 2006; Neff, 2003a), mindfulness and self-compassion are highly correlated....
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1,902 citations
Cites background from "Using Self-Report Assessment Method..."
...Higher levels of self-reported mindfulness are associated with self-reports of greater engagement in valued behaviors and interests (Brown & Ryan, 2003) and of ability to engage in goaldirected behavior when emotionally upset (Baer et al., 2006)....
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..., 2008; Rasmussen & Pidgeon, 2010), difficulties in emotion regulation (Baer et al., 2006), experiential avoidance (Baer et al....
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..., 2008), and general psychological symptoms (Baer et al., 2006)....
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..., 2008; Giluk, 2009), absent-mindedness (Herndon, 2008), dissociation (Baer et al., 2006; Walach et al., 2006), rumination (Raes & Williams, 2010), cognitive reactivity (Raes, Dewulf, Van Heeringen, & Williams, 2009), social anxiety (Brown & Ryan, 2003; Dekeyser et al....
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...Higher levels of selfreported mindfulness are associated with self-reports of greater engagement in valued behaviors and interests (Brown & Ryan, 2003) and of ability to engage in goal-directed behavior when emotionally upset (Baer et al., 2006)....
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1,641 citations
Cites background or methods from "Using Self-Report Assessment Method..."
...In a recent study of facets of mindfulness, Baer et al. (2006) conducted exploratory factor analysis of the combined item pool from all available mindfulness questionnaires and found that a five-factor structure appeared to capture several distinct but related underlying dimensions....
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...These measures have been shown to be significantly correlated with each other and to have promising psychometric properties (Baer et al. 2006)....
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...The FFMQ has been shown to have good internal consistency and significant relationships in the predicted directions with a variety of constructs related to mindfulness (Baer et al. 2006)....
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...In light of the above, the purpose of the present study was to investigate three related questions: (1) Whether participation in MBSR was associated with increases in mindfulness as measured by the FFMQ; (2) if such increases were observed, whether the amount of outof-class practice of mindfulness was related to improvement in mindfulness scores; and (3) if support for this relationship was found, whether the increases in levels of mindfulness mediate the relationship between mindfulness practice and any observed improvements in psychological functioning and reported medical symptoms....
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...Mindfulness was assessed using the FFMQ (Baer et al. 2006)....
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References
25,611 citations
"Using Self-Report Assessment Method..." refers background in this paper
...By rule of thumb, CFI and NNFI values greater than .90 are thought to indicate good fit between a model and the data; for the RMSEA, a value of .05 is thought to indicate close fit, .08 a fair fit, and .10 a marginal fit ( Browne & Cudeck, 1993 )....
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...By rule of thumb, CFI and NNFI values greater than .90 are thought to indicate good fit between a model and the data; for the RMSEA, a value of .05 is thought to indicate close fit, .08 a fair fit, and .10 a marginal fit (Browne & Cudeck, 1993)....
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21,588 citations
"Using Self-Report Assessment Method..." refers methods in this paper
...We used four fit indices for these analyses: the comparative fit index (CFI) and the nonnormed fit index (NNFI; Bentler, 1990), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Marsh, Balla, & Hau, 1996), and a chi-square test for discrepancy between the model and the data....
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9,818 citations
"Using Self-Report Assessment Method..." refers background or methods or result in this paper
...This finding may be consistent with those of Brown and Ryan (2004), who noted that the original form of the MAAS had an acceptance factor but that this factor showed no incremental validity in the prediction of criterion measures....
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...Experience sampling methods could be used to examine individuals’ mindful awareness during daily activities (Brown & Ryan, 2003)....
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...The MAAS has been shown to be unidimensional (Brown & Ryan, 2003)....
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...The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003) is a 15-item instrument measuring the general tendency to be attentive to and aware of present-moment experience in daily life....
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...On the other hand, Brown and Ryan (2004) argued that mindfulness consists of a single factor described as attention to and awareness of what is taking place in the present....
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9,377 citations
6,378 citations