Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
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TL;DR: In this paper, pyrolusite-modified activated carbons derived from municipal sewage sludge were used for color removal and COD in treating an industrial dyeing wastewater, and the results showed that the activation efficiency for three ACPs after two adsorption/regeneration cycles was above 70%.
Abstract: Activated carbons derived from municipal sewage sludge with pyrolusite modification were prepared. The impact of pyrolusite amount on the activated carbons' characteristics was evaluated by methylene blue tests. The results showed that activated carbons modified with certain amount of pyrolusite (ACP) had better performance than the ones without pyrolusite addition. These activated carbons prepared were effective in COD and color removal in treating an industrial dyeing wastewater. The significant increase of mesopores in the adsorbents was identified as the reason. The optimum pH value for dye adsorption was pH = 3.0 and it took a relatively long contact time to reach equilibrium (≥8 h). Temperature had no obvious effect on dye removal in this study. The regeneration efficiency for three ACPs after two adsorption/regeneration cycles was above 70%. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
18 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Sewage sludge is the unavoidable by-product of the routine activities of wastewater treatment plant, and is being produced in an ever increasing amount [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, three different methods of physical modification including low-temperature drying, grinding, and high temperature calcination were selectively performed for pre-treatment of sewage sludge ash (SSA).
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the effect of the mass and energy flow through the process components in order to evaluate the effects of important design parameters, such as steam pressure and oil circulation rate.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the pyrolysis characteristics of sewage sludge, wheat straw, and its mixture were studied by non-isotropic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
18 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the effects of sewage sludge application (30 t/ha) on the soil bacterial community at 0-10 cm depth in three forest plantations (Eucalyptus urophylla, Pinus elliottii, and Schima superba) in southern China.
18 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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Book•
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.
3,826 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.
1,026 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.
530 citations