Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
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Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...The final sludge volume after incineration is approximately 10% of that after mechanical dewatering (Fytili and Zabaniotou 2008)....
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...For example, the amount of sludge being incinerated in Denmark has already reached 24% of the sludge produced, 20% in France, 15% in Belgium, and 14% in Germany, while in USA and Japan the percentage has increased to 25% and 55%, respectively (Fytili and Zabaniotou 2008)....
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...Theoretically, almost all organic wastes with moisture content of 5∼30% can be gratified (Fytili and Zabaniotou 2008)....
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170 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...The treatment of urban sewage sludge is oneof themost severe challenges in wastewater management because sewage sludge is the residue produced when separating the liquids and solids in wastewater treatment (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008)....
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...advantages of a large reduction of sludge volume, thermal destruction of toxic organic compounds, high potential for energy recovering, and minimization of odor generation (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008)....
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168 citations
References
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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530 citations