Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
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TL;DR: Results indicate that SSDML at thermophilic temperature can be effectively used for reduction of heavy metals and suspended solids from sewage sludge.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of blending sewage sludge with Zhundong coal (ZDC) for combustion in coal-fired power plants is investigated, which can alleviate the shortage of high quality coal resources and achieve the harmless treatment of SS, while also having a significant influence on combustion and ash slagging.
Abstract: Blending sewage sludge (SS) with Zhundong coal (ZDC) for combustion in coal-fired power plants is a recent approach that can alleviate the shortage of high-quality coal resources and achieve the harmless treatment of SS, while also having a significant influence on combustion and ash slagging. Due to the high content of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in ZDC, its combustion ash has a strong likelihood of slagging. This study aims to investigate the effect of blending SS with ZDC on combustion and ash slagging. Thermogravimetry (TG) results indicate that blending with SS could lower the ignition and burnout temperatures of ZDC. With an increase in the ratio of sludge, the comprehensive combustion index (S) first increases and then decreases, showing that blending SS with ZDC in an appropriate proportion could improve the overall combustion. Through the analysis of the interaction, it is confirmed that SS and ZDC could complement each other during co-combustion due to their different components. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to test the ash components of different blending ratios (10–30%) and combustion temperatures (800–1100 °C). Slagging indices including alkali acid ratio (B/A), silicon ratio (G), and silica–alumina ratio (SiO2/Al2O3) were also calculated. The results suggest that the slagging behavior of ZDC is greatly reduced even if the blending ratio is only 10%. However, with an increase in the blending ratio, the effect on slagging gradually weakens. Considering the dual influence of SS blending on combustion and slagging, this study assumes the optimal blending ratio of 20%. Influenced by the components of the combustion ash, B/A and SiO2/Al2O3 are more suitable for evaluating the slagging tendency of ash; however, there is great deviation in the results for G. This research is beneficial to coal-fired power plants for the selection of operation parameters during co-combustion with SS.
15 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this article, fly ash and sewage sludge can prevent formation of acid mine drainage from sulfid acid mine from sulfide sulfide, which is essential for the restoration of contaminated land.
Abstract: Establishing plant communities is essential for the restoration of contaminated land. As potential cover materials, fly ash and sewage sludge can prevent formation of acid mine drainage from sulfid ...
15 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Sewage sludge is the solid material remaining from the treatment of waste water (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008)....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption capacity of sewage sludge based adsorbent (SSBA) for the removal of 2-chlorophenol (2CP) from aqueous solutions, was considered.
Abstract: The adsorption capacity of sewage sludge based adsorbent (SSBA) for the removal of 2-chlorophenol (2CP) from aqueous solutions, was considered in the present study. SSBA was prepared by chemical activation with H2SO4 in a mass ratio of 1:1, followed by a pyrolysis at 650 °C for 1 h under inert atmosphere. The produced adsorbent was characterized in terms of the specific surface area, the pH at zero charge point (pHPZC) and the surface functional groups. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out under different conditions including the adsorbent dose, the contact time, the initial 2-CP concentration, the solution pH and the ionic strength, in order to investigate their effects on the retention capacity of the solid support. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tested to examine the adsorption behavior. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Freundlich model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of SSBA was found to be 47.98 mg.g −1 at 20 °C. Finally the kinetic studies indicated that adsorption process followed the pseudo second-order model. In conclusion SSBA showed quite good capabilities in removing 2-CP from aqueous solutions.
15 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of effects and reaction mechanisms of CaO/Fe2O3 on emission behaviors of arsenic during sewage sludge pyrolysis showed that 24.8-54.2%, 26.4-60.4% and 27.7-63.1% of arsenic escaped from three samples when py rolysis process happened at 723, 923 and 1123K respectively.
15 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...…of researchers (Liu et al., 2015), because it is one of the most effective and clean ways to recover energy and nutrients from sewage sludge (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008; Park et al., 2010; Song et al., 2014) and also the first and fundamental step in gasification, combustion (Hu et al.,…...
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..., 2015), because it is one of the most effective and clean ways to recover energy and nutrients from sewage sludge (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008; Park et al., 2010; Song et al., 2014) and also the first and fundamental step in gasification, combustion (Hu et al....
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...Sewage sludge is considered as a disturbing problem all over the world (Wether and Ogada, 1999) even it could be taken as an alternative renewable fuel resource (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008)....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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Book•
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.
3,826 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.
1,026 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.
530 citations