Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
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11 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Since these elements are essential for plant growth, their presence in sludge gives it unique fertilizing benefits (Fytili and Zabaniotou 2008)....
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...This later components of sewage sludge (such as heavy metals) may be harmful to humans should they find their way into the food chain (Fytili and Zabaniotou 2008)....
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11 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...It is regarded as a higher-value organic fertilizer [42,43]....
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Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...It also offers a relatively low cost of pollution control compared to combustion and other thermal processes (Fytili and Zabaniotou 2008; Kim and Parker, 2008)....
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References
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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530 citations