scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review

01 Jan 2008-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews (Pergamon)-Vol. 12, Iss: 1, pp 116-140
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the behavior of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, and Ni) in spray-drying-based sludge incineration (SDSI) process.
Abstract: Large-scale applications of sludge incineration, particularly with fluidized-bed incinerators, are extremely restricted in China at present by their high investment and operating costs. An innovative spray-drying-based sludge incineration (SDSI) process was proposed in our recent study, which has been applied in a full-scale sludge incineration plant with a capacity of 1200 tonnes/day (80% moisture). In the present research, behavior of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, and Ni) in this plant was investigated, aiming to provide further evidence about the SDSI performance. The results showed that concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Ni in the slag were higher than those in the fly ash after combustion. Nevertheless, concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As in the fly ash, particularly in the fine ash particles, were significantly higher than those in the slag. Unlike other heavy metals, the concentration of Cr in the slag was higher than that in coarse ash particles but roughly equal to that in fine a...

6 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the parameters affecting the pyrolysis products are discussed, considering also synergetic effects between different operating conditions, and the main characteristics of the reactors available to hold biomass pyrotechnic reactions are examined.
Abstract: The thermochemical conversion processes for sludge and biomass residues are briefly reviewed, focusing on the advantages of pyrolysis. The pyrolysis process is described, and the effects of the parameters affecting the pyrolysis products are discussed, considering also synergetic effects between different operating conditions. Pyrolysis kinetics is explained, describing in detail several isoconversional kinetic models, such as those of Friedman, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Vyazovkin, and the distributed activation energy model (DAEM). Pyrolysis measurements of sewage sludge, conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer, are employed to determine the pyrolysis kinetic parameters, that is, the preexponential factor and the activation energy, applying the different kinetic models studied. Finally, the main characteristics of the reactors available to hold biomass pyrolysis reactions are examined.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, material generated during industrial activities that do not have further use in the production process are often categorised as refused industrial byproducts, and the authors briefly discuss the utili...
Abstract: Material generated during industrial activities that do not have further use in the production process are often categorised as refused industrial byproducts. This paper briefly discusses the utili...

6 citations


Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."

  • ...In addition, sewage sludge contains pathogens, micropollutants, undetected components, and heavy metals (Donatello and Cheeseman 2013; Fytili and Zabaniotou 2008)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors calculated greenhouse gas emissions from a sewage sludge incinerator in consideration of the fossil carbon fractions of sludge and found that the amount of emissions may be underestimated.
Abstract: According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines, when calculating CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions from biomass should be excluded from the total amount of CO2 emissions and should be separately reported due to their “carbon neutrality”. Sewage sludge is one of the representative biomass fuels. It is mixed with fossil fuels to achieve greenhouse gas reduction or is used by itself as a fuel to replace fossil fuels. According to the results of this study, biomass fractions of both the sewage sludge and the sewage sludge incineration exhaust gases did not amount to 100%. At present, in many countries (South Korea, Japan, and Germany), when calculating greenhouse gas emissions from sewage sludge incinerators, all CO2 emissions from sewage sludge are judged to be biomass and only the greenhouse gas emissions that correspond to non-CO2 gases are calculated as greenhouse gas emissions. However, since, according our results, the content of sewage sludge is not 100% biomass, if CO2 emissions are excluded according to the existing greenhouse gas emission calculation method, the amount of emissions may be underestimated. Therefore, to accurately calculate greenhouse gas emissions from a sewage sludge incinerator, CO2 emissions should be calculated in consideration of the fossil carbon fractions of sewage sludge.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the characteristics of dried sewage sludge using TGA to co-fire with coal in power plants were studied. And the results of these TGA/DTG analyses showed that sewage sludges showed its primary peak at the temperature of 250-500°C, which overlapped with main peak of wood and secondary peak at around 500-600°C.
Abstract: This research studied the characteristics of dried sewage sludge using TGA to co-fire dried sewage sludge with coal in power plants. The sewage sludges that were discharged from Daejeon, Korea were dried and examined fundamental properties to use them as a fuel. Also, the properties of bituminous coal and wood pellet, which are used in domestic coal power plants, were analyzed and compared with them of sewage sludges and non-isothermal analyses of dried sewage sludges were performed at the heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 30C /min using TG analyzer to investigate the basic combustion characteristics. As a results of these TGA/DTG analyses, sewage sludges showed its primary peak at the temperature of 250–500 °C, which overlapped with main peak of wood and secondary peak at around 500–600 °C, which overlapped with main peak of coals. Also for the interpretation by Friedman method, the activation energies in the section of highest weight loss were 525.16 kJ/mole for dried digested sewage sludge, 544.88 kJ/mole for dried excess sewage sludge, 203.86 kJ/mole for wood pellet and 146.4585 kJ/mole for bituminous coal. The reaction orders for dried digested excess sewage sludge, dried excess sewage sludge, wood pellet and bituminous coal were 28.775, 24.319, 18.398 and 9.1005, respectively, and the frequency factors were 5.89 $$\times \hspace{0.17em}$$ 1028, 1.65 $$\times \hspace{0.17em}$$ 1024,, 9.59 $$\times \hspace{0.17em}$$ 1016 and 1.77 $$\times \hspace{0.17em}$$ 108 for each, respectively.

6 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.

10,518 citations


"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.

3,826 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.

1,026 citations


"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....

    [...]

  • ...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....

    [...]

  • ...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.

530 citations