Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
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Additional excerpts
...Conventional disposal methods for sewage sludges include anaerobic digestion, fermentation, gasification, incineration, and pyrolysis (Appels, Baeyens, Degrève, & Dewil, 2008; Fytili & Zabaniotou, 2008; Luque, Menéndez, Arenillas, & Cot, 2012)....
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6 citations
6 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...The calorific (thermal) value of sewage sludge is also extremely important from the aspect of its thermal processing (gasification, pyrolysis, incineration, wet oxidation) [2]....
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6 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...In Europe, during the last decade sewage sludge production has increased significantly (Fytili & Zabaniotou, 2008; Heras, Mañas, & Labrador, 2005)....
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References
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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530 citations