Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
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TL;DR: Maiz's short sequential extraction procedure was used to extract the heavy metals in the carbon residues made from sewage sludge by co-pyrolysis with corn straw as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Maiz’s short sequential extraction procedure was used to extract the heavy metals in the carbon residues made from sewage sludge by co-pyrolysis with corn straw. The content of heavy metals in the residues was determined by ICP-MS to study the fraction distribution changes of heavy metals. It is concluded that the content of mobile and mobilization heavy metals exsisted in the residue decrease and the content of residual heavy metals increase due to the co-pyrolysis. The co-pyrolysis temperature has great effect on the fraction distribution changes of heavy metals. The content of residual fraction for Cr, Ni, Pb is up to the top at 700°C and for Cd、Cu、Zn is at 500°C. The carbon residues are unhazardous and safe.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the current promising research focusing on excess sludge resource utilization methods, i.e., anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, microbial fuel cells (MFC), microbial electrolysis cell (MEC).
Abstract: Energy crisis caused short supply of reliable and affordable energy for our future generations and ourselves, meanwhile more and more stringent laws and regulations were established on excess sludge treatment and disposal, the potential for energy recovery from excess sludge has already attracted much more attentions from researchers domestic and abroad. Resource utilization for excess sludge is the best way to solve sludge treatment and disposal problem, simultaneously create a sustainable energy to fulfill present and future energy requirements and thus reduce our dependence on non-renewable resources. This paper presents the current promising research focuses on excess sludge resource utilization methods, i.e. anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, microbial fuel cell (MFC), microbial electrolysis cell (MEC).
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, experimental studies of cement mortars containing various amounts of fine-grained waste aggregate were carried out, where the waste aggregate was based on an incinerated municipal sewage sludge which was mechanically crushed to an appropriate grading.
Abstract: In line with the trend of using waste raw materials in the technology of building materials, experimental studies of cement mortars containing various amounts of fine-grained waste aggregate were carried out. The waste aggregate was based on an incinerated municipal sewage sludge which was mechanically crushed to an appropriate grading. Chemical and physical properties of the waste aggregate are presented. Mortars with varying amounts of waste aggregate as a replacement for natural sand were prepared. Study determines compressive strength and flexural strength up to 56 days. Properties such as capillary action, air content and thermal conductivity were determined. The results of the tests has shown that the incinerated waste sludge can be used as a partial or total replacement for natural aggregate. In mortars with waste aggregate, a favorable relation between flexural and compressive strengths was observed, which translates into increased strength of the interfacial transition zone. A significant increase in water absorption was observed for mortars containing high amounts of waste aggregate, which is directly related to its porous structure. Conducted studied prove that the aggregate obtained from incineration of the municipal sewage sludge can a feasible alternative for natural aggregates in production of masonry and rendering mortars for construction purposes.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model developed for air-blown gasification coupled with internal combustion engine for energy production demonstrated that gasification of wastewater solids could produce up to one third of the electrical demand at a small wastewater resource recovery facilities (WRRF).
4 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...The management of solids produced in WRRFs presents the greatest challenge and opportunity for reducing the energy footprint of water reclamation....
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...New technologies are needed to reduce the carbon footprint of decentralized WRRFs. Thermochemical conversion (TCC) processes such as gasification may be suitable for treatment of wastewater solids, reducing the energy requirements to treat solids, and potentially enabling energy recovery [10,11]....
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01 Jul 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the possible use of multi-tonnage industrial waste, in particular, sludge of chemical water treatment (SHVO) produced by combined heat and power plants in cement systems.
Abstract: Chemical treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater is becoming increasingly common in the world, resulting in sludge formation. But only a small fraction of the waste is disposed of. Therefore, the issue of the potential use of these wastes in making construction materials is vital.This paper examines the possible use of multi-tonnage industrial waste, in particular, sludge of chemical water treatment (SHVO) produced by combined heat and power plants in cement systems. Sludge of chemical water treatment is a pasty mass unstable in moisture. For this purpose it is advisable to pre-dry this waste until it becomes a fixed-mass, and then grind it. The impact of SHVO on the technological properties of cement paste and strength properties of cement stone was studied. The article shows that the introduction of SHVO into cement paste increases its water demand. The joint effect of naphthalene formaldehyde and polyester carboxylate-based sludge with additives was studied. Their efficiency depends on the way they are produced. The use of sludge with superplasticizers reduces binding agent consumption by 7.5% without loss of strength properties and reduces porosity of cement stone.It was established that the introduction of SHVO into cement systems changes the physiography of newgrowths.
4 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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Book•
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.
3,826 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.
1,026 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.
530 citations