scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review

01 Jan 2008-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews (Pergamon)-Vol. 12, Iss: 1, pp 116-140
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Citations
More filters
Proceedings ArticleDOI
22 Apr 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the main factors affecting sludge dewaterability by thermal conditioning are experimentally investigated and the results show that the major factors for improving sludge degradation are conditioning temperature and residence time.
Abstract: The paper reviews the research progress in sludge dewaterability by thermal conditioning and analyzes the fundamental mechanisms of sludge dewaterability. The main factors affecting sludge dewaterability by thermal conditioning are experimentally investigated. The results show that the major factors for improving sludge dewaterability by thermal conditioning are conditioning temperature and residence time. It is found that the optimal temperature and residence time are 180°C and 60mins, respectively. The moisture content of sludge cake is 50.88% after pressure filtration for 50 minutes. Thermal conditioning transforms organic compounds of sludge into soluble substances and greatly increases the COD of the separated water. After thermal conditioning at 180°C, the COD of the separated water is about 420 times of the original sludge. Pulse-flash sludge dewatering has the advantage of low energy consumption and can help us achieve the goals of sludge reduction, harmlessness and efficient utilization. Therefore, thermal conditioning of sludge, especially pulse-flash sludge dewatering technology, has a potential for wide engineering applications in the future.

2 citations

01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: Inventory of appropriate material and energy flows for foodtech applications in the municipality of Harnosand in the Netherlands is presented in this article, where the authors present a methodology for selecting appropriate flows for each application.
Abstract: Inventory of appropriate material and energy flows for foodtech applications in the municipality of Harnosand.

2 citations

DissertationDOI
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a novel techno-economic approach to calculate the economic potential of biomass in Chile and compared the pathway of electricity generation and that of upgraded biogas.
Abstract: The study uses a novel techno-economic approach to calculate the economic potential of biomass in Chile. The pathway of electricity generation and that of upgraded biogas were assessed and compared. Both routes were evaluated employing proven technologies. Through a mathematical procedure relying on limits of potential, supply-cost curves were constructed. The results, technical potential, were integrated into a geographical information system (GIS) to show the energy distribution nationwide.

2 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
26 Jul 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the published research in this field: it covers the characteristics of sewage sludge, the principle of gasification; the applications of sludge in gasification process; the tar elimination and fate of heavy metals in biomass gasification processes.
Abstract: Disposal of wastewater treatment sludge is a pressing environmental problem in nowadays, which is aggravated by its accumulation around the world. The imposition of more stringent legislation governing the disposal and utilization of sewage sludge, coupled with the growth in its generation and the loss of traditionally accepted disposal routes, has prompted a drive for alternative uses for sewage sludge. Considering the chemical composition of sludge, some new thermal processes of treatment have recently been considered by researchers. Thermal gasification is one innovative method that could be of significant interest. This paper seeks to review the published research in this field: it covers the characteristics of sewage sludge, the principle of gasification; the applications of sewage sludge in gasification process; the tar elimination and fate of heavy metals in biomass gasification processes.

2 citations


Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."

  • ...Moreover, incineration is both expensive and it gives rise to significant quantities of potentially hazardous ash[6,7]....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.

10,518 citations


"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.

3,826 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.

1,026 citations


"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....

    [...]

  • ...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....

    [...]

  • ...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.

530 citations