Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results obtained in composting vegetables waste, sewage sludge, beech sawdust and beech ash, monitoring the parameters of the composting process and investigation of the nutritional quality of the organic compost by germination test.
Abstract: Composting is nowadays an important and efficient process in sustainable organic waste management. Recycling process of biodegradable organic waste (animal and agriculture residues, sewage sludge, household refuse) by composting, also represents an ecological solution to synthesize new materials used as biofertilizers or adsorbents in wastewater treatment. The paper presents results obtained in composting vegetables waste, sewage sludge, beech sawdust and beech ash, monitoring the parameters of the composting process and investigation of the nutritional quality of the compost by germination test.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed the effects of different doses of urban sewage sludge as a fertilizer for agricultural soil, and highlighted that by applying sludge doses of 15 t/ha and 25 t /ha to agricultural soils, on which they planted soybean and wheat crops, they obtained high yields, and the concentration of heavy metals in the roots, stems and grains of soybean or wheat crops did not exceed the maximum standard limits allowed.
Abstract: Considering the increase in the amount of sewage sludge as a result of the development of urbanization, and the pollution of the environment through the storage of this sludge, the objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of the action of different doses of urban sewage sludge as a fertilizer for agricultural soil. Starting from the legislative recommendations regarding the use of urban sewage sludge in agriculture, we analyzed the sludge resulting from the sewage treatment plant in the Municipality of Alexandria, Romania. This sewage treatment plant, with two technological lines of water and sludge treatment, produces urban sewage sludge without pathogenic bacteria. We highlighted that by applying sewage sludge doses of 15 t/ha and 25 t/ha to agricultural soils, on which we planted soybean and wheat crops. We obtained high yields, and the concentration of heavy metals in the roots, stems and grains of soybean and wheat crops did not exceed the maximum standard limits allowed. Having a high content of organic matter and nutrients important for plants such as nitrogen, ammonium, potassium and zinc, sewage sludge has improved the fertility, physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, and is able to be used as a fertilizer for degraded soils.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed an integrated assessment from a sustainability perspective to evaluate the valorization of sewage sludge by thermal conversion, comparing different alternatives based on existing waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the emission behavior of NO during co-combustion of municipal sludge (MS) and Meihuajing bituminous coal (MHJ) was studied using experiments and ReaxFF molecular dynamics methods.
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TL;DR: The sewage sludge can be used for agricultural recycling as biosolids, since all the legal requirements are fulfilled, in plantations whose edible part does not have contact with the ground, thus its use is not allowed with the oleraceous, tubers, roots and flooded cultures.
Abstract: The sewage sludge can be used for agricultural recycling as biosolids, since all the legal requirements are fulfilled, in plantations whose edible part does not have contact with the ground, thus its use is not allowed with the oleraceous, tubers, roots and flooded cultures. Considering that, from data collected by the Sanitation Company of Parana (SANEPAR), the agronomic analysis reports of 10 lots of biosolids processed at Ouro Verde Sludge Management Unit, in the city of Foz do Iguacu, Brazilian state of Parana, were checked, relating the concentration of nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Assuming the biosolids are given to farmers, responsible for transportation costs, the material becomes attractive only when equivalent to mineral fertilizers cost. By determining the price of fertilizers by the lot of biosolids, the distance that justifies its utilization was established. The main results found allow the conclusion that biosolids have from R$30.83 to R$167.32 of fertilizers per ton, considering the worst and best case scenario, respectively. The compensatory distance has exceeded 1500 km, increasing the possible use by producers from other cities or states. The reduction of the humidity content in the material is directly proportional to economy granted to the producer.
Key words: Biosolids, fertilizer, cost.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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Book•
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.
3,826 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.
1,026 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.
530 citations