Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Citations
More filters
05 May 2020
TL;DR: Experiments have shown that the absorption of biogas components results in the release of oxygen, and a four-column photobiore-actor constructed with microalgae strains and Monoraphidium Griffithi made the greatest contribution to CO2 reduction.
Abstract: One of the most important tools for mitigating climate change is biogas production. Increasing their use requires improving the energy value of biogas by reducing its carbon dioxide content while increasing the methane concentration in biogas. Biological purification of biogas using microalgae strains − merging biogas upgrading method where microalgae use carbon dioxide for their growth during the process of photosynthesis. A four-column photobiore-actor was constructed with Monoraphidium Griffithi, Chlorella sp. microalgae strains, distilled water and MWH me-dium for purification of biogas. Experimental studies determined sizes, shapes and of microalgae cells, the pH changes of mediums used after biogas treatment and the composition of biogas before and after upgrading using photobioab-sorber. Microalgae Monoraphidium Griffithi was estimated to have the greatest contribution to CO2 reduction by de-creasing from 31.0% to 10.0%. The smallest reduction in CO2 was recorded when biogas was flowing through MWH medium. Experiments have shown that the absorption of biogas components results in the release of oxygen. As the biogas was flowing through all suspensions, the oxygen concentration increased from 3.6 to 5.2%. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.720
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed analysis of nutrients cycle mainly related to nitrogen and phosphate before and after industrialization was made and a view that sludge should go back to soils to re-establish a sound nutrients cycle was put forward.
Abstract: With the booming construction of sewage treatment plants aiming at environmental protection, China has to face an emerging urgent task to address the sludge treatment and disposal problem. However there is a big controversy in China about the sludge treatment and disposal strategies. Some scientists suggest incinerating, while others insist on landfilling. In this paper, from the perspective of sustainable development and cyclic economy, a detailed analysis of nutrients cycle mainly related to nitrogen and phosphate before and after industrialization was made and a view that sludge should go back to soils to re-establish a sound nutrients cycle was put forward. Then the feasibility for sludge recycle to soils was discussed and some land application methods for sludge were introduced. At last, a successful case of producing compounded fertilizer from dewatered sludge in Northeast China was described in detail.
1 citations
01 Jan 2014
1 citations
01 Nov 2017
TL;DR: Las muestras de biosolido analizadas predominan bacterias ambientales that participan en los procesos de estabilizacion of the materia organica durante los tratamientos biologicos de tipo secundario and the digestion anaerobia.
Abstract: RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar la microbiota bacteriana presente en los biosolidos generados en una de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales mas grande de Colombia. Materiales y Metodos Se utilizo la plataforma de secuenciamiento 454 de la compania Roche para secuenciar las regiones variables V1-V3 y V6-V9 del marcador molecular 16S rRNA y caracterizar la microbiota. Adicionalmente, se aplicaron estrategias filogeneticas para la identificacion de especies bacterianas de importancia. Resultados Nuestros analisis muestran que los Phyla mas abundantes son Chloro-flexi, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria y Firmicutes. Los generos clasificados mas abundantes fueron Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas y Proteiniphilum. Sin embargo, el grupo dominante segun la region variable V1-V3 es una Anaerolineaceae que no se ajusta a las especies descritas para esta familia. Conclusiones En las muestras de biosolido analizadas predominan bacterias ambientales que participan en los procesos de estabilizacion de la materia organica durante los tratamientos biologicos de tipo secundario y la digestion anaerobia. Se detectaron secuencias de especies dentro de la familia Anaerolineaceae, los analisis filogeneticos muestran que probablemente se trata de especies no descritas. En el momento del estudio, se encontro que en el sistema de digestion anaerobia se genera biosolido con una baja carga de bacterias potencialmente patogenas.
1 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...REVISTA DE SALUD PÚBLICA · Volumen 19 (6), diciembre 2017...
[...]
...La composición físico-química y microbiológica de los biosólidos es variable y está relacionada con el tipo de agua tratada (doméstica, hospitalaria o industrial), el método de operación de la planta y la prevalencia de enfermedades infecciosas de la población servida (6,7)....
[...]
15 Aug 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used domestic sludge of the wastewater treatment plant in Soba municipal station (south of Khartoum-Sudan) to produce biological gas (biogas).
Abstract: Biogas production considered the most encouraging sources of renewable energy in Sudan. Anaerobic process of digestion is considered as efficient techniques of producing biogas. The process also a trustworthy method for treatment of municipal wastes, and the digested discharge could be utilized as soil conditioner to improve the productivity. This research work states at the option of using domestic sludge of the wastewater treatment plant in Soba municipal station (south of Khartoum-Sudan) to produce biological gas (biogas). A laboratory investigation was carried out using five-liter bioreactor to generate biogas for 30 days. The total volume of gas made was 270.25 Nml with a yield of 20 Nml of biogas/mg of COD removed. Chemical oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand, & total solids drop produced were 89, 91 & 88.23% respectively. Microbial activity was declined from 1.8x10 7 (before starting the process of digestion) to 1.1x10 5 germs/mL (after completion of 30 days of digestion). This study offered a significant energetic opportunity by estimated the power production to 35 KWh.
1 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Sludge disposal (fertilizers use, incineration, and landfills) is often explored since of increasingly limiting environmental legislation (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008)....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
[...]
Book•
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.
3,826 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.
1,026 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
[...]
...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
[...]
...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.
530 citations