Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
Citations
1 citations
1 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Moreover, incineration is both expensive and it gives rise to significant quantities of potentially hazardous ash [9]....
[...]
1 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Pese a que un factor decisivo puede ser el país o la región donde se producen los lodos [43], como norma general se puede decir que tienen, frente a otros combustibles como carbón y madera, una alta proporción de agua, una gran proporción de materia volátil (que puede llegar a alcanzar el 90 % en base seca), una gran cantidad de cenizas (aproximadamente del 50 % en base seca) y un gran contenido en nitrógeno (puede ser mayor del 9% en base seca) [32, 38, 41-43, 46-50]....
[...]
...Como se ha comentado anteriormente, los lodos pueden llegar a tener un poder calorífico similar al del carbón [46], sin embargo este hecho dependerá de su composición que a su vez depende de muchos factores....
[...]
1 citations
1 citations
References
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
[...]
3,826 citations
1,026 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
[...]
...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
[...]
...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
[...]
530 citations