Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
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Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...At present themainmethods of sludge disposal and comprehensive utilization include incineration, landfill, ocean dumping, and land application (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008)....
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Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...In contrast, the thermochemical conversion of sewage sludge [3] presents several benefits, such as the possibility to recover energy [4], the reduction of the residue volume by 70% and the thermal destruction of pathogens [5]....
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References
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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530 citations