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Journal ArticleDOI

Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review

01 Jan 2008-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews (Pergamon)-Vol. 12, Iss: 1, pp 116-140
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ruikun Wang1, Jianzhong Liu1, Yujie Yu1, Yaxuan Hu1, Junhu Zhou1, Kefa Cen1 
TL;DR: In this article, coal-sludge slurry (CSS), which is made by blending sewage sludge with coal, water, and additives, is identified as a new and effective sludge utilization technology.
Abstract: Municipal sewage sludge always includes considerable amount of water, noxious substances, and varying chemical compositions; therefore, sludge utilization is imposed. Coal-sludge slurry (CSS), which is made by blending sewage sludge with coal, water, and additives, is being identified as a new and effective sludge utilization technology. The main objectives of the present investigation are research on the slurrying, rheology, and stability properties of five CSSs, and determine the influence of sludge type, sludge mixing proportion (α), temperature, and shear rate on the slurrying properties that play a critical role in CSS technology. Results showed that (i) the maximum solids loading (MSL) dropped sharply with the rise of α, ranging from 55.22% to 59.41% in the α = 15% case, compared to 69.16% in the α = 0 case; and (ii) the apparent viscosity dropped as the temperature rose from 20 °C to 50 °C, in an approximate linear correlation. All CSSs exhibited a pseudo-plastic rheology, and increasing ω and α re...

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The applications of microorganisms in the construction processes are bioaggregation, biocementation, bioclogging, and biodesaturation of soil, and proper practical implementations of construction biotechnologies could give significant economic and environmental benefits.
Abstract: A new scientific and engineering discipline, Construction Biotechnology, is developing exponentially during the last decade. The major directions of this discipline are selection of microorganisms and development of the microbially-mediated construction processes and biotechnologies for the production of construction biomaterials. The products of construction biotechnologies are low cost, sustainable, and environmentally friendly microbial biocements and biogrouts for the construction ground improvement. The microbial polysaccharides are used as admixtures for cement. Microbially produced biodegradable bioplastics can be used for the temporarily constructions. The bioagents that are used in construction biotechnologies are either pure or enrichment cultures of microorganisms or activated indigenous microorganisms of soil. The applications of microorganisms in the construction processes are bioaggregation, biocementation, bioclogging, and biodesaturation of soil. The biotechnologically produced construction materials and the microbially-mediated construction technologies have a lot of advantages in comparison with the conventional construction materials and processes. Proper practical implementations of construction biotechnologies could give significant economic and environmental benefits.

57 citations


Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."

  • ...…a filler material for concrete and bituminous mixes, which could be applied for the landfill construction (Aziz and Koe 1990; Cheilas et al. 2007; Fytili and Zabaniotou 2008; Katsioti et al. 2008; Lin et al. 2012; Rodríguez et al. 2010; Song et al. 2013; Valls and Vazquez 2001; Valls et al.…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a review of different applications of sewage sludge for sustainable agriculture is presented, where different properties of biosolids, their applications along with possible limitations have been discussed.
Abstract: Sewage sludge (Biosolids) generation is fastly increasing resulting from the regular increase of population, urban planning and industrial developments worldwide. The sludge needs to be adequately treated and environmentally managed to reduce the negative impacts of its application or disposal. The present review deals with the different applications of sewage sludge for sustainable agriculture. The scattered literature is harnessed to critically review the uses of biosolids to promote sustainable practices focusing on the productive uses of sewage sludge or biosolids. Biosolids or sewage sludge is the byproduct of municipal wastewater, sewage effluent and effluent treatment plants. The treatment plants are generating huge amount of biosolids. The present review focuses on the different applications of biosolids or sewage sludge as in many countries the biosolids or sewage sludge are frequently using for various purposes like for biogas production, land filling, organic fertilizer, soil amendment, and to enhance the crop yield of agricultural crops. Therefore, biosolids or sewage sludge is in the consideration as a resource worldwide. Besides this higher content of different heavy metals and microorganisms are the important constraints for the application of biosolids or sewage sludge in the various fields. Thus, this review emphasizes the different applications and possible limitations for the use of biosolids or sewage sludge as a resource. Efforts have been made on the possible pretreatment of biosolids or sewage sludge to make it more feasible for their applications. Therefore, different properties of biosolids or sewage sludge, their applications along with possible limitations have been discussed in the present review to formulate the biosolids or sewage sludge as a resource for the sustainable development.

57 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two main approaches are presented as potentially sustainable controls: pretreatment for minimizing extensive sludge treatment, and recycling and reuse of residual sludge.

57 citations


Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."

  • ...…construction and operation of landfills have been restricted due to legislation inmany countries (Boehler and Siegrist, 2006; Werle and Wilk, 2010; Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008), and due t al., Sustainable approaches f vironmental Management (2 to leachates containing heavy metals (Fytili and…...

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  • ...…and Wilk, 2010; Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008), and due t al., Sustainable approaches f vironmental Management (2 to leachates containing heavy metals (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008; Singh and Agrawal, 2008), despite having provided technologically simple means of biosolid disposal for many decades....

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  • ...As examples, construction and operation of landfills have been restricted due to legislation inmany countries (Boehler and Siegrist, 2006; Werle and Wilk, 2010; Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008), and due...

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  • ..., Sustainable approaches f vironmental Management (2 to leachates containing heavy metals (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008; Singh and Agrawal, 2008), despite having provided technologically simple means of biosolid disposal for many decades....

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  • ...Due to foul odor, presence of pathogens, and large volume produced, proper disposal has been problematic (Werther and Ogada, 1999; Aldin et al., 2011; Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
Z.R. Xu1, Wei Zhu1, Ming Li1, Huiwen Zhang1, Miao Gong1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the content and forms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the solid residue from the supercritical water gasification of wet sludge was investigated using a high-pressure autoclave.

57 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.

10,518 citations


"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....

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Book
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.

3,826 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.

1,026 citations


"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....

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  • ...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....

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  • ...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.

530 citations