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Journal ArticleDOI

Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review

01 Jan 2008-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews (Pergamon)-Vol. 12, Iss: 1, pp 116-140
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Abstract: The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of chemical looping gasification of sewage sludge with hematite oxygen carrier was investigated and the effect of various operating parameters on sludge CLG was discussed.

42 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2012-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, a linear algebraic model is presented, which isolates combustion stoichiometry invariants from fuel feed flowrates (decision variables) and allows rigorous, though explicit modeling of the integrated kiln-soil mill-fuel mill system, based on fundamental mass and energy balances.

42 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Characterization of gas products and process performance showed that even though gas composition varied substantially, hot gas efficiencies of around 90% could be achieved for all MSS fuel types.

42 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of sewage sludge with HZSM-5 (CBV2314) in a microfurnace Pyrolyzer for the production of hydrocarbons and ammonia.
Abstract: Sewage sludge is the major byproduct generated in wastewater treatment plants and a potential resource for biofuel production. This study investigated the catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of sewage sludge with HZSM-5 (CBV2314) in a microfurnace pyrolyzer for the production of hydrocarbons and ammonia. Pyrolysis temperature had a significant role in the production and selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins, and alkanes. Acid pretreatments including infusion and washing were employed to alleviate the catalytic effects of ash content in sewage sludge and improve the hydrocarbon production of CP. Both acid-infusion and acid-washing enhanced hydrocarbon production but acid-infusion yielded higher hydrocarbon production than acid-washing. At 650 °C the optimal acid infusion loading was 1 mmol·g–1 sewage sludge and hydrocarbon yields reached to 51.4%. CP of acid-pretreated sewage sludge enhanced the denitrogenation of volatiles by releasing nitrogen as ammonia which could be recycled as fertilizer. These findings...

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a framework for the evaluation of anthropogenic resources, derived from the standard procedure for resource and reserve identification, evaluation, and classification of the U.S. Geological Survey for natural stock resources, was applied to a case study on phosphorus stocks in Austria.

41 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.

10,518 citations


"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 1972
TL;DR: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview of Wastewater Engineering, Methods and Implementation Considerations as mentioned in this paper is a good starting point for a discussion of the issues of wastewater engineering. But, it is not a complete survey of the entire literature.
Abstract: Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.

3,826 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current and future issues related to the combustion of sewage sludge is presented, and a number of technologies for thermal processing of sludge are discussed in three groups, i.e., mono-combustion, cocombustions and alternative processes.

1,026 citations


"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....

    [...]

  • ...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....

    [...]

  • ...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a standardization with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm, which is used to pin point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials.
Abstract: Sediment analyses are used to pin‐point major sources of metal pollution and to estimate the toxicity potential of dredged materials on agricultural land. For source assessments (Part I of the present review) standardization is needed with respect to grain size effects, commonly achieved by analyzing the sieve fraction <63μm. Further aspects include sampling methods, evaluation of background data and extent of anthropogenic metal enrichment.

530 citations