Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
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Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Some plants have boilers and turbines that generate electric power from those gases, although the power output is fairly small unless the solids content in the sludge is significantly higher than 30% (7, 8)....
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40 citations
40 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Incineration removes only 70% of DS and creates ash with high 50 metal content (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008)....
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...The EU, the USA, and China each produce 6-11 million tons of sludge as dry solids 43 (DS) per year (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008; Semblante et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2015)....
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40 citations
40 citations
References
10,518 citations
"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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530 citations