Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
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32 citations
32 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Additional treatment of sludge can eliminate bacteria, viruses and organic pollutants, abate odors, and reduce the concentration of heavy metals and other harmful organisms.(30,33) The engineering and management of sewage sludge has been the subject of public controversy and intense scholarly inquiry....
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32 citations
32 citations
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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530 citations