Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
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Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...Various option have been explored in many countries around the world to deal with the accumulation ofmunicipal sewage sludge, including incineration, land filling, land application, road surfacing, conversion to fertilizer, and compression into building blocks [6,7]....
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182 citations
Cites background from "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..."
...There are numerous research studies can be found on sewage sludge utilization (Fytili and Zabaniotou, 2008; Smith et al., 2009; Teixeira et al., 2007; Krogstad et al., 2005; Kelessidis and Stasinakis, 2012) but review articles on alum sludge utilization are limited (Babatunde and Zhao, 2007)....
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References
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Over the last decades, a great variety of extraction schemes, both simple and sequential have been developed and, although some methods have been widely used [12,13] none has been unreservedly accepted by the scientific community....
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"Utilization of sewage sludge in EU ..." refers background in this paper
...Multiple hearth and fluidized bed furnaces are the most popular and the latter is becoming widely applied [24]....
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...Analysis has shown that about 78–98% of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn present in the sewage sludge are retained in the ash, whereas up to 98% of the Hg may be released into the atmosphere with the flue gas [24]....
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...The whole process is occurring in two distinctive regimes [24]:...
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530 citations