Journal ArticleDOI
Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review
D. Fytili,Anastasia Zabaniotou +1 more
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In this article, the authors review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.Abstract:
The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: a comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis
Judy A. Libra,Kyoung S. Ro,Claudia Kammann,Axel Funke,Nicole D. Berge,York Neubauer,Maria-Magdalena Titirici,Christoph Fühner,Oliver Bens,Jürgen Kern,Karl-Heinz Emmerich +10 more
TL;DR: The wet pyrolysis process, also known as hydrothermal carbonization, opens up the field of potential feedstocks for char production to a range of nontraditional renewable and plentiful wet agricultural residues and municipal wastes as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry
TL;DR: In this paper, three strategies of CO2 reduction including energy saving, carbon separation and storage as well as utilizing alternative materials in detail have been reviewed and the barriers against worldwide deployment of such strategies are identified and comprehensively described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative study of the methods used for treatment and final disposal of sewage sludge in European countries.
TL;DR: The main objective of the current study was to outline the current situation and discuss future perspectives for sludge treatment and disposal in EU countries, where sludge reuse in land and sludge incineration seem to be the main practices further adopted in EU-27 (all Member States up to 2020.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microplastics en route: Field measurements in the Dutch river delta and Amsterdam canals, wastewater treatment plants, North Sea sediments and biota
TL;DR: The high microplastic enrichment in marine sediments compared to most literature data for seawater at the surface supports the hypothesis of a seabed sink for these materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pyrolysis for Biochar Purposes: A Review to Establish Current Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs
TL;DR: An updated review on two subjects: the available alternatives to produce biochar from a biomass feedstock and the effect of biochar addition to agricultural soils on soil properties and fertility is provided.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Combustion characteristics of wet sludge in a fluidized bed: Release and combustion of the volatiles
Tom Ogada,Joachim Werther +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of the high water content of sludge on its combustion process, and determined the distribution of the sludge carbon between the volatiles and char, the location of the release and combustion of the VOLATILITY, and the concentrations of char carbon in the bed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Study of the kinetics of sewage sludge pyrolysis using DSC and TGA
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry to examine, in nitrogen, four sewage sludges at modest heating rates and derived a mechanism consisting of two independent reactions for an undigested sludge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stabilisation and solidification of sewage sludges with Portland cement
S. Valls,E. Vàzquez +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a binding and stabilising matrix with sludge and coal fly ash was created, which was used to create a binding matrix for sludge-cement and coal-fly ash pastes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biosolids and sludge management
Journal ArticleDOI
Legislative and environmental issues on the use of ash from coal and municipal sewage sludge co-firing as construction material.
TL;DR: It is shown that ash derived from coal and sewage sludge co-firing contains generally less unburned carbon, alkali, magnesium oxide, chlorine, and sulfate than coal ash, and only the concentration of free lime in mixed ash is higher than in coal, even though, at least up to 25% of the thermal input, still below the requirements of the standards.
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