Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers.
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8,018 citations
Cites background from "Validation of the five-factor model..."
...recognized that this dimension has the highest correlation (uncorrected, r = .20 to .30) of any of the personality dimensions with measures of cognitive ability ( McCrae & Costa, 1987 )....
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...Some define it in terms of responsibilit y or dependability (e.g., Hogan, 1986), whereas others view it as also including volitional aspects, such as hardworking, persistent, and achievementoriented (e.g., Conley, 1985; Costa & McCrae, 1988; Digman & Inouye, 1986; Digman & Takemoto-Chock, 1981; Krug & Johns, 1986; McCrae & Costa, 1985, 1987, 1989 )....
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...Bond, Nakazato, & Shiraishi, 1975; Noller, Law, & Comrey, 1987); using ratings obtained from different sources (e.g., Digman & Inouye, 1986; Digman & Takemoto-Chock , 1981; Fiske, 1949; McCrae & Costa, 1987; Norman, 1963; Norman & Goldberg, 1966; Watson, 1989); and with a variety of samples (see Digman, 1990, for a more detailed discussion)....
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...An important consideration for the field of personnel psychology is that these dimensions are also relatively independent of measures of cognitive ability ( McCrae & Costa, 1987 )....
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...Based on the evidence cited by Digman (1990), the preponderance of evidence supports the definition of conscientious ness as including these volitional aspects (Bernstein, Garbin, & McClellan, 1983; Borgatta, 1964; Conley, 1985; Costa & McCrae, 1988; Digman & Inouye, 1986; Digman & Takemoto-Chock, 1981; Howarth, 1976; Krug & Johns, 1986; Lei & Skinner, 1982; Lorr & Manning, 1978; McCrae & Costa, 1985, 1987, ......
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7,787 citations
5,838 citations
Cites background from "Validation of the five-factor model..."
...McCrae and Costa (1985c, 1987) showed convergence for all five factors across both observers and instruments when they examined adjective scales and questionnaire measures in an adult sample on whom peer ratings on parallel instruments were available....
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5,621 citations
Additional excerpts
..., Costa , Busch , Zonderman , & McCrae , 1986 ; Costa & McCrae , 1988 ; McCrae & Costa , 1985 , 1987 , 1989 ) ....
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5,067 citations
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"Validation of the five-factor model..." refers background in this paper
...Conscientious may mean either governed by conscience or careful and thorough(Morris, 1976),and psychologists seem to be divided about which of these meanings bestcharacterizes the last major dimension of personality....
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