Variation in taproot elongation rate as influenced by composition of the soil air.
About: This article is published in Agronomy Journal.The article was published on 1970-11-01. It has received 107 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Taproot.
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TL;DR: This chapter collates the mathematical approaches to the aeration process and explains the concepts of modeling in a simplified manner, which have culminated in the modeling of the oxygen movements within the plant.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the developments in the field of aeration since 1960, which have culminated in the modeling of the oxygen movements within the plant. The chapter collates the mathematical approaches to the aeration process and explains the concepts of modeling in a simplified manner. It is noted that the environment exerts a considerable influence on the directional flow of the respiratory gases within the plant and the directional exchange with the atmosphere. Oxygen can enter the plant body in a variety of ways. In non-aquatic species, the stomata and lenticels provide paths of low resistance for the entry and exit of both oxygen and carbon dioxide. In submerged astomatal aquatics, surface permeabilities are sufficiently high to allow the necessary gas transference. Plants rooted in unsaturated soils are exposed to an oxygen-rich environment over the greater part of their shoot and root surfaces. Oxygen enters the plant in the combined state as water. As water, it is transported from root to shoot in the xylem where a proportion is finally released into the liquid phase within the chloroplasts during the photolysis stage of photosynthesis.
1,358 citations
01 Jan 1984
528 citations
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: The overall implications of biological stress, which reflects the combination of water and drought stress, and environmental pollution stress, are studied.
Abstract: 1. The overall implications of biological stress.- 2. Oxidative stress.- 3. Salt stress.- 4. Chilling stress.- 5. Freezing stress.- 6. Desiccation.- 7. Water and drought stress.- 8. Heat stress.- 9. Anaerobic stress - flooding and ice-encasement.- 10. Environmental pollution stress.- Epilogue.
515 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that acclimation to anoxia in plants involves integration of a set of sophisticated characteristics, as a consequence of which the habitat within the anoxic cell is a very different world to that of the aerobic cell.
Abstract: Anoxia can be one consequence of waterlogging and submergence of plants. Anoxia in plant tissues reduces the rate of energy production by 65-97% compared with the rate in air. Thus, adaptation to anoxia always includes coping with an energy crisis. Tolerance to anoxia is relevant to wetland species, rice cultivation and transient waterlogging of other agricultural and horticultural crops. This perspective, in two parts, examines mechanisms of anoxia tolerance in plants. Part 1 covers anoxia tolerance in terms of growth and survival, the interaction of anoxia tolerance with other environmental factors, and the development of anoxic cores within plant tissues. Equally importantly, Part 1 also examines anaerobic carbohydrate catabolism (principally ethanolic fermentation in plants) and its regulation. We put forward two modes of anoxia tolerance, one based on reduced rates of anaerobic carbohydrate catabolism and the other on accelerated rates (Pasteur effect). Further, Part 1 examines mechanisms of post-anoxic injury. In Part 2 (Greenway and Gibbs, manuscript in preparation) we consider flow of the limited amount of energy produced under anoxia to processes essential for cell survival. We show that acclimation to anoxia in plants involves integration of a set of sophisticated characteristics, as a consequence of which the habitat within the anoxic cell is a very different world to that of the aerobic cell.
513 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that the interaction between waterlogging and salinity has major implications for saltland management, and for the selection and breeding of plants adapted to saltland.
Abstract: This paper reviews a range of studies under controlled conditions (glasshouse and growth cabinet) focusing on the effects of the interaction between waterlogging (hypoxia) and salinity on the ion relations, growth and survival of higher plants. The literature shows that in general, waterlogging under saline conditions causes increased Na+ and Cl− concentrations in the shoot, due initially to increased rates of transport. These increased concentrations in the shoots have adverse effects on plant growth and survival. It is argued that the interaction between waterlogging and salinity has major implications for saltland management, and for the selection and breeding of plants adapted to saltland.
427 citations