Vascular calcification: an update on mechanisms and challenges in treatment.
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...expression of bone-related genes is the cause or the consequence of the calcification process(59) is critical, as therapies will differ depending on which mechanism is the initiating process.(3,5)...
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Cites background from "Vascular calcification: an update o..."
...osteopontin is transiently up-regulated in rat experimentally-induced intimal thickening, and accumulates in calcified areas of human atheromatous plaque.(30) We identified another protein, S100A4, as a marker of R-SMCs in vitro and of intimal SMCs in both pigs and humans....
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245 citations
References
2,444 citations
"Vascular calcification: an update o..." refers background in this paper
...OPG appears to be protective against vascular calcification since OPG mice developed spontaneous arterial calcification [16] and depleting OPG in ApoE mice increased atherosclerotic lesion progression and calcification [17]....
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...One study found that OPG knockout mice developed extensive vascular calcification in addition to the expected result of osteoporosis [16]....
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2,306 citations
1,102 citations
"Vascular calcification: an update o..." refers background in this paper
...The role of miRNAs in cardiovascular biology is currently under intense investigation, and specific miRNAs have been associated with various cardiovascular disorders, including vascular remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and post–myocardial infarction remodeling [22]....
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1,053 citations
"Vascular calcification: an update o..." refers background in this paper
...Valve calcification is also linked to increased risk of cardiac events and mortality even if the patient is asymptomatic [4]....
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995 citations
"Vascular calcification: an update o..." refers background in this paper
...Osteoclastlike cells that express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) have been found in calcified vascular lesions in humans but were typically present at very low levels and only at advanced stages of disease [6, 20]....
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...In addition, outright cartilage and bone formation have been identified [6, 7]....
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