Vehicle-to-Everything (v2x) Services Supported by LTE-Based Systems and 5G
26 Jul 2017-Vol. 1, Iss: 2, pp 70-76
TL;DR: The overview of requirements and use cases in V2X services in 3GPP is presented, and the up-to-date standardization of LTE V2x in 3 GPP is surveyed, where the enhanced V2Z (eV2X) services and possible 5G solutions are analyzed.
Abstract: Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), including vehicle- to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, improves road safety, traffic efficiency, and the availability of infotainment services. Standardization of Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based V2X has been actively conducted by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to provide solutions for V2X communications, and has benefited from the global deployment and fast commercialization of LTE systems. LTE-based V2X was widely used as LTE-V in the Chinese vehicular communications industry, and LTE-based V2X was redefined as LTE V2X in 3GPP standardization progress. In this article, the overview of requirements and use cases in V2X services in 3GPP is presented. The up-to-date standardization of LTE V2X in 3GPP is surveyed. The challenges and detailed design aspects in LTE V2X are also discussed. Meanwhile, the enhanced V2X (eV2X) services and possible 5G solutions are analyzed. Finally, the implementations of LTE V2X are presented with the latest progress in industrial alliances, research, development of prototypes, and field tests.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an in-depth tutorial of the 3GPP Release 16 5G NR V2X standard for vehicular communications, with a particular focus on the sidelink.
Abstract: The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has recently published its Release 16 that includes the first Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) standard based on the 5G New Radio (NR) air interface 5G NR V2X introduces advanced functionalities on top of the 5G NR air interface to support connected and automated driving use cases with stringent requirements This article presents an in-depth tutorial of the 3GPP Release 16 5G NR V2X standard for V2X communications, with a particular focus on the sidelink, since it is the most significant part of 5G NR V2X The main part of the paper is an in-depth treatment of the key aspects of 5G NR V2X: the physical layer, the resource allocation, the quality of service management, the enhancements introduced to the Uu interface and the mobility management for V2N (Vehicle to Network) communications, as well as the co-existence mechanisms between 5G NR V2X and LTE V2X We also review the use cases, the system architecture, and describe the evaluation methodology and simulation assumptions for 5G NR V2X Finally, we provide an outlook on possible 5G NR V2X enhancements, including those identified within Release 17
350 citations
TL;DR: This paper surveys the networking and communication technologies in autonomous driving from two aspects: intra- and inter-vehicle.
Abstract: The development of light detection and ranging, Radar, camera, and other advanced sensor technologies inaugurated a new era in autonomous driving. However, due to the intrinsic limitations of these sensors, autonomous vehicles are prone to making erroneous decisions and causing serious disasters. At this point, networking and communication technologies can greatly make up for sensor deficiencies, and are more reliable, feasible and efficient to promote the information interaction, thereby improving autonomous vehicle’s perception and planning capabilities as well as realizing better vehicle control. This paper surveys the networking and communication technologies in autonomous driving from two aspects: intra- and inter-vehicle. The intra-vehicle network as the basis of realizing autonomous driving connects the on-board electronic parts. The inter-vehicle network is the medium for interaction between vehicles and outside information. In addition, we present the new trends of communication technologies in autonomous driving, as well as investigate the current mainstream verification methods and emphasize the challenges and open issues of networking and communications in autonomous driving.
335 citations
Cites background from "Vehicle-to-Everything (v2x) Service..."
...LTE-V also has better support for high-speed autonomous driving scenario, the relative speed can be supported up to 500 km/h [163]....
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09 Jul 2019
TL;DR: This paper reviews the state-of-the-art research on computation offloading in terms of application partitioning, task allocation, resource management, and distributed execution, with highlighting features for edge computing.
Abstract: We are living in a world where massive end devices perform computing everywhere and everyday. However, these devices are constrained by the battery and computational resources. With the increasing number of intelligent applications (e.g., augmented reality and face recognition) that require much more computational power, they shift to perform computation offloading to the cloud, known as mobile cloud computing (MCC). Unfortunately, the cloud is usually far away from end devices, leading to a high latency as well as the bad quality of experience (QoE) for latency-sensitive applications. In this context, the emergence of edge computing is no coincidence. Edge computing extends the cloud to the edge of the network, close to end users, bringing ultra-low latency and high bandwidth. Consequently, there is a trend of computation offloading toward edge computing. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive perspective on this trend. First, we give an insight into the architecture refactoring in edge computing. Based on that insight, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art research on computation offloading in terms of application partitioning, task allocation, resource management, and distributed execution, with highlighting features for edge computing. Then, we illustrate some disruptive application scenarios that we envision as critical drivers for the flourish of edge computing, such as real-time video analytics, smart “things” (e.g., smart city and smart home), vehicle applications, and cloud gaming. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and future research directions.
246 citations
Cites methods from "Vehicle-to-Everything (v2x) Service..."
...To realize the vision of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) [185], we need to build standardized software platforms (such as OpenVDAP) and hardware facilities (e.g., customized base stations for vehicles)....
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...[185] S. Chen et al., “Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services supported by LTE-based systems and 5G,” IEEE Commun....
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...To realize the vision of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) [185], we need to build standardized software platforms (such as OpenVDAP) and hardware facilities (e....
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TL;DR: The requirements of the basic road safety and advanced applications, the architecture, the key technologies, and the standards of C-V 2X are introduced, highlighting the technical evolution path from LTE-V2X to NR-V1X.
Abstract: Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is an important enabling technology for autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems. It evolves from long-term evolution (LTE)-V2X to new radio (NR)-V2X, which will coexist and be complementary with each other to provide low-latency, high-reliability, and high-throughput communications for various C-V2X applications. In this article, a vision of C-V2X is presented. The requirements of the basic road safety and advanced applications, the architecture, the key technologies, and the standards of C-V2X are introduced, highlighting the technical evolution path from LTE-V2X to NR-V2X. Especially, based on the continual and active promotion of C-V2X research, field testing, and development in China, the related works and progresses are also presented. Finally, the trends of C-V2X applications with technical challenges are envisioned.
237 citations
Cites background from "Vehicle-to-Everything (v2x) Service..."
...With the evolution of cellular systems from 4G long-term evolution (LTE) to 5G, C-V2X evolves from LTE-V2X to new radio (NR)-V2X [1]....
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...It leverages and enhances the current cellular network features and elements to enable low-latency and high-reliability communications among various nodes in vehicular networks, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an in-depth tutorial of the 3GPP Release 16 5G NR V2X standard, with a particular focus on the sidelink.
Abstract: The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has recently published its Release 16 that includes the first Vehicle to-Everything (V2X) standard based on the 5G New Radio (NR) air interface. 5G NR V2X introduces advanced functionalities on top of the 5G NR air interface to support connected and automated driving use cases with stringent requirements. This paper presents an in-depth tutorial of the 3GPP Release 16 5G NR V2X standard for V2X communications, with a particular focus on the sidelink, since it is the most significant part of 5G NR V2X. The main part of the paper is an in-depth treatment of the key aspects of 5G NR V2X: the physical layer, the resource allocation, the quality of service management, the enhancements introduced to the Uu interface and the mobility management for V2N (Vehicle to Network) communications, as well as the co-existence mechanisms between 5G NR V2X and LTE V2X. We also review the use cases, the system architecture, and describe the evaluation methodology and simulation assumptions for 5G NR V2X. Finally, we provide an outlook on possible 5G NR V2X enhancements, including those identified within Release 17.
193 citations
References
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TL;DR: This paper proposes long-term evolution (LTE)-V as a systematic and integrated V2X solution based on time-division LTE (TD-LTE) 4G based on centralized architecture with native features of TD-Lte, which optimizes radio resource management for better supporting V2I.
Abstract: Diverse applications in vehicular network present specific requirements and challenges on wireless access technology. Although considered as the first standard, IEEE 802.11p shows the obvious drawbacks and is still in the field-trial stage. In this paper, we propose long-term evolution (LTE)-V as a systematic and integrated V2X solution based on time-division LTE (TD-LTE) 4G. LTE-V includes two modes: 1) LTE-V-direct and 2) LTE-V-cell. Comparing to IEEE 802.11p, LTE-V-direct is a new decentralized architecture which modifies TD-LTE physical layer and try to keep commonality as possible to provide short range direct communication, low latency, and high reliability improvements. By leveraging the centralized architecture with native features of TD-LTE, LTE-V-cell optimizes radio resource management for better supporting V2I. LTE-V-direct and LTE-V-cell coordinate with each other to provide an integrated V2X solution. Performance simulations based on sufficient scenarios and the prototype system with typical cases are presented. Finally, future works of LTE-V are envisioned.
386 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the service flow and requirements of the V2X services LTE systems are targeting is provided, and the main challenges of high mobility and densely populated vehicle environments in designing technical solutions to fulfill the requirements of V2x services are addressed.
Abstract: Wireless communication has become a key technology for competitiveness of next generation vehicles. Recently, the 3GPP has initiated standardization activities for LTE-based V2X services composed of vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle- to-pedestrian, and vehicle-to-infrastructure/network. The goal of these 3GPP activities is to enhance LTE systems to enable vehicles to communicate with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure in order to exchange messages for aiding in road safety, controlling traffic flow, and providing various traffic notifications. In this article, we provide an overview of the service flow and requirements of the V2X services LTE systems are targeting. This article also discusses the scenarios suitable for operating LTE-based V2X services, and addresses the main challenges of high mobility and densely populated vehicle environments in designing technical solutions to fulfill the requirements of V2X services. Leveraging the spectral-efficient air interface, the cost-effective network deployment, and the versatile nature of supporting different communication types, LTE systems along with proper enhancements can be the key enabler of V2X services.
290 citations