Velocity, vorticity, and mach number
California Institute of Technology1, École centrale de Lyon2, Michigan State University3, Delft University of Technology4, Technische Universität Darmstadt5, Langley Research Center6, German Aerospace Center7, City University of New York8, University of Michigan9, Northrop Grumman Corporation10, University of Maryland, College Park11, University of Montenegro12, University of Notre Dame13, University of Utah14, Technical University of Madrid15
01 Jan 2007-pp 215-471
About: The article was published on 2007-01-01. It has received 58 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mach wave & Drag divergence Mach number.
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01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, cross-correlation methods of interrogation of successive single-exposure frames can be used to measure the separation of pairs of particle images between successive frames, which can be optimized in terms of spatial resolution, detection rate, accuracy and reliability.
Abstract: To improve the performance of particle image velocimetry in measuring instantaneous velocity fields, direct cross-correlation of image fields can be used in place of auto-correlation methods of interrogation of double- or multiple-exposure recordings. With improved speed of photographic recording and increased resolution of video array detectors, cross-correlation methods of interrogation of successive single-exposure frames can be used to measure the separation of pairs of particle images between successive frames. By knowing the extent of image shifting used in a multiple-exposure and by a priori knowledge of the mean flow-field, the cross-correlation of different sized interrogation spots with known separation can be optimized in terms of spatial resolution, detection rate, accuracy and reliability.
1,101 citations
Journal Article•
793 citations
TL;DR: Digital particle image thermometry/velocimetry (DPIT/V) is a relatively new methodology that allows for measurements of simultaneous temperature and velocity within a two-dimensional domain this article.
Abstract: Digital particle image thermometry/velocimetry (DPIT/V) is a relatively new methodology that allows for measurements of simultaneous temperature and velocity within a two-dimensional domain, using thermochromic liquid crystal tracer particles as the temperature and velocity sensors. Extensive research has been carried out over recent years that have allowed the methodology and its implementation to grow and evolve. While there have been several reviews on the topic of liquid crystal thermometry (Moffat in Exp Therm Fluid Sci 3:14–32, 1990; Baughn in Int J Heat Fluid Flow 16:365–375, 1995; Roberts and East in J Spacecr Rockets 33:761–768, 1996; Wozniak et al. in Appl Sci Res 56:145–156, 1996; Behle et al. in Appl Sci Res 56:113–143, 1996; Stasiek in Heat Mass Transf 33:27–39, 1997; Stasiek and Kowalewski in Opto Electron Rev 10:1–10, 2002; Stasiek et al. in Opt Laser Technol 38:243–256, 2006; Smith et al. in Exp Fluids 30:190–201, 2001; Kowalewski et al. in Springer handbook of experimental fluid mechanics, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 487–561, 2007), the focus of the present review is to provide a relevant discussion of liquid crystals pertinent to DPIT/V. This includes a background on liquid crystals and color theory, a discussion of experimental setup parameters, a description of the methodology’s most recent advances and processing methods affecting temperature measurements, and finally an explanation of its various implementations and applications.
127 citations
Cites background from "Velocity, vorticity, and mach numbe..."
...…1984, 1988, 1991; Lourenco et al. 1989; Willert and Gharib 1991; Keane and Adrian 1992; Westerweel 1993, 1997; Grant 1994; Melling 1997; Gharib and Dabiri 2000; Mckeon et al. 2007), which allows for the global measurement of two-component velocities within a two-dimensional domain through time....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an introductory overview of several challenging problems in the statistical characterization of turbulence and provide examples from fluid turbulence in three and two dimensions, from the turbulent advection of passive scalars, turbulence in the one-dimensional Burgers equation, and fluid turbulent in the presence of polymer additives.
Abstract: We present an introductory overview of several challenging problems in the statistical characterization of turbulence. We provide examples from fluid turbulence in three and two dimensions, from the turbulent advection of passive scalars, turbulence in the one-dimensional Burgers equation, and fluid turbulence in the presence of polymer additives.
61 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 1955
TL;DR: The flow laws of the actual flows at high Reynolds numbers differ considerably from those of the laminar flows treated in the preceding part, denoted as turbulence as discussed by the authors, and the actual flow is very different from that of the Poiseuille flow.
Abstract: The flow laws of the actual flows at high Reynolds numbers differ considerably from those of the laminar flows treated in the preceding part. These actual flows show a special characteristic, denoted as turbulence. The character of a turbulent flow is most easily understood the case of the pipe flow. Consider the flow through a straight pipe of circular cross section and with a smooth wall. For laminar flow each fluid particle moves with uniform velocity along a rectilinear path. Because of viscosity, the velocity of the particles near the wall is smaller than that of the particles at the center. i% order to maintain the motion, a pressure decrease is required which, for laminar flow, is proportional to the first power of the mean flow velocity. Actually, however, one ob~erves that, for larger Reynolds numbers, the pressure drop increases almost with the square of the velocity and is very much larger then that given by the Hagen Poiseuille law. One may conclude that the actual flow is very different from that of the Poiseuille flow.
17,321 citations
TL;DR: The second edition of this respected text considerably expands the original and reflects the tremendous advances made in the discipline since 1968 as discussed by the authors, with a special emphasis on applications to diffraction, imaging, optical data processing, and holography.
Abstract: The second edition of this respected text considerably expands the original and reflects the tremendous advances made in the discipline since 1968. All material has been thoroughly updated and several new sections explore recent progress in important areas, such as wavelength modulation, analog information processing, and holography. Fourier analysis is a ubiquitous tool with applications in diverse areas of physics and engineering. This book explores these applications in the field of optics with a special emphasis on applications to diffraction, imaging, optical data processing, and holography. This book can be used as a textbook to satisfy the needs of several different types of courses, and it is directed toward both engineers ad physicists. By varying the emphasis on different topics and specific applications, the book can be used successfully in a wide range of basic Fourier Optics or Optical Signal Processing courses.
12,159 citations