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Journal ArticleDOI

Vesicular stomatitis virus—A new interfering particle, intracellular structures, and virus-specific RNA

01 Aug 1970-Virology (Virology)-Vol. 41, Iss: 4, pp 615-630
TL;DR: A strain of the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) designated HR-LT produces a defective particle which differs from the T particle described by others, which is approximately one-half the length of the infectious B particle and contains a single-stranded RNA having a sedimentation coefficient of 30 S.
About: This article is published in Virology.The article was published on 1970-08-01. It has received 71 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Vesicular stomatitis virus & Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus.
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Defective interfering virus (DI) particles represent a major controlling element of virus replication and only amplify to interfering levels when the parent helper vims is abundant.
Abstract: Defective interfering virus (DI) particles represent a major controlling element of virus replication. They are constantly generated at low levels by infectious virus and only amplify to interfering levels when the parent helper vims is abundant. This autointerference phenomenon, as it was called when first discovered, is achieved by rearrangements and deletions of the standard virus genome such that the resulting “incomplete form” of the virus can preferentially replicate.

275 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: The rhabdoviruses are ubiquitous, highly infectious agents of animal and plant disease and are generally transmitted by arthropods and are, therefore, susceptible to disruption by ether and detergents.
Abstract: The rhabdoviruses are ubiquitous, highly infectious agents of animal and plant disease and are generally transmitted by arthropods. Assignment of viruses to the taxon rhabdoviruses (rod-shaped viruses) was originally based entirely on morphology. This classification has turned out to be fortuitously fortunate because later biochemical studies have revealed remarkable uniformity among these structurally similar viruses isolated from extremely diverse hosts. It is perhaps not farfetched to postulate a common ancestor for all the rhabdoviruses of plants, arthropods, and vertebrates. Classification of a virus as a rhabdovirus should be based on the following most important characteristics: 1. Rhabdoviruses are rod-shaped particles, varying considerably in length (60–400 nm) but of a reasonably consistent width (60–85 nm). 2. Animal rhabdoviruses tend to be bullet-shaped in appearance, flat at one end and a tapered sphere at the other. Plant rhabdoviruses are usually bacilliform in shape, quite elongated and with two round ends. 3. All rhabdoviruses appear to be surrounded by a membranous envelope with protruding spikes. All these viruses probably contain lipids and are, therefore, susceptible to disruption by ether and detergents.

234 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: Defective interfering particles were discovered three decades ago by von Magnus using the influenza virus system and a great deal was learned from their physiological interactions with the host and from their interference with the multiplication of “infectious” standard virus.
Abstract: Defective interfering (DI) particles were discovered three decades ago by von Magnus (1947) using the influenza virus system. He called them “incomplete” or “immature” particles. Even though they could not be isolated or characterized biochemically, a great deal was learned about them from their physiological interactions with the host and from their interference with the multiplication of “infectious” standard virus (Gard and von Magnus, 1947; Bernkopf, 1950; von Magnus, 1951). Reviews by Henle (1950), by von Magnus (1954), and by Schlesinger (1959) on viral interference discuss the earlier work on this particular homologous interference caused by incomplete virus.

226 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1974-Virology
TL;DR: The existence of a significant fraction of cellkilling particles that is noninfectious, and the lack of cell killing by purified, but active, defective-interfering particles, provide evidence that cellkilling by VSV is not dependent upon complete viral replication, and that the virion per se is not inherently toxic.

108 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effects of addition of cycloheximide at various times after infection demonstrated that new protein synthesis is required early (0-2 h) for both S(2) and L(1)VSV to initiate and maintain the normal rate of viral RNA synthesis.
Abstract: The synthesis of viral RNA by wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (L 1 VSV) and a small, plaque-size mutant (S 2 VSV) was studied in vitro and in chicken embryo (CE) and mouse L-cell cultures. Virus-specific RNA synthesized in CE or L cells infected with either L 1 or S 2 VSV at low multiplicity was of the same size classes, 12 to 15 S , 28 S , and 38 S . The major differences were in the proportion of RNA produced of each size class. L 1 VSV always synthesized larger proportions of 38 S RNA, and S 2 VSV produced larger proportions of 12 to 15 S RNA. Both S 2 and L 1 VSV exhibited RNA transcriptase activity in vitro and in cell culture. The products of the in vitro reaction were the same, 12 to 15 S for both. The products of the virion-associated transcriptase in CE or L-cell cultures in the presence of cycloheximide were also the same for both viruses but differed from the in vitro products in that 28 S and 12 to 15 S RNA were made. The effects of addition of cycloheximide at various times after infection demonstrated that new protein synthesis is required early (0-2 h) for both S 2 and L 1 VSV to initiate and maintain the normal rate of viral RNA synthesis. However, the overall rate of RNA synthesis in L 1 VSV infections became independent of protein synthesis after 2 h whereas the rate in S 2 VSV infections did not. With either virus, synthesis of 38 S RNA did not occur in the absence of protein synthesis. Moreover, continuous 38 S RNA production required continuous protein synthesis. Production of 38 S RNA ceased within 30 min after addition of cycloheximide to S 2 − or L 1 VSV-infected CE or L cells that had already begun to synthesize the 38 S form. The cycloheximide-induced cessation of 38 S RNA synthesis was accompanied by a marked increase in production of 12 to 15 S and 28 S RNA in L 1 VSV-infected cells, but no increase in synthesis of small RNA species occurred in S 2 VSV-infected cells.

100 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experiments with brief C14-amino acid pulses, followed by chases of varying duration, indicate that only some of the polypeptides seen in acrylamide gel electropherograms are "primary" translation products of the virus mRNA, and that others are "secondary" products which arise by conversion fromsome of the " primary" proteins.
Abstract: In HeLa cells infected with type 1 poliovirus, the single-stranded viral RNA genome directs the synthesis of four capsid and ten noncapsid virus-specific polypeptides (Fig. 1).1 The size of the virus RNA is about 2 X 106 daltons,2 enough to direct the synthesis of about seven proteins with average molecular weights of 30,000. Since the average molecular weight of the three major coat proteins of the poliovirion (VP 1-3, Fig. 1) was about 27,000,3 one would expect to find only three or four noncapsid proteins comparable in size to the capsid proteins; instead, ten noncapsid polypeptides are demonstrable in the cytoplasm of infected cells (Fig. 1), six of which have molecular weights considerably larger than 30,000.4 In order to account for this discrepancy, we have examined the kinetics of synthesis of the spectrum of virus-specific proteins. Experiments with brief C14-amino acid pulses, followed by chases of varying duration, indicate that only some of the polypeptides seen in acrylamide gel electropherograms are \"primary\" translation products of the virus mRNA, and that others are \"secondary\" products which arise by conversion from some of the \"primary\" proteins. Materials and Methods.-Purified type 1 poliovirus' was used throughout the studies. Virus was produced in HeLa S3 cells grown in suspension culture in Eagle's medium6 supplemented with 7% horse serum. Virus titers were measured according to the procedure described by Cooper.7 Techniques of infection of concentrated HeLa cell cultures, and analysis of cytoplasmic extracts by electrophoresis in neutral SDS-containing acrylamide gels, have been previously described.' C14and HI-amino acid mixtures, each containing 13 L-amino acids, were purchased from Schwarz BioResearch, and C-L-amino acids (30 uc/Mmole carbon) and C'4-uridine (30 ,uc/,umole) from New England Nuclear. Actinomycin D was a gift of Merck and Co., Rahway, New Jersey.

245 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1966-Virology
TL;DR: The data strongly suggest that T is a distinct, truncated form of B which contains only a portion of the VSV genome, and is the physical equivalent of the transmissible interfering component of Cooper and Bellett (1959).

181 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1962-Virology
TL;DR: Thin sections of L cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus were examined by electron microscopy and fingerlike projections at the cell surfaces were identified as virus particles in the process of formation.

138 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1966-Virology
TL;DR: Defective T particles partially purified from undiluted-passage stocks of Indiana serotype vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV up) markedly interfered with growth of homotypic infectious B particles in Krebs-2 mouse ascites tumor cells.

133 citations