Vibration studies of the Stanford Linear Accelerator
Summary (1 min read)
Introduction
- During the 1994/95 colliding beam run of the SLC, the measured jitter in the vertical beam position indicated it had a significant impact on the luminosity [1].
- Diagnosing the sources of jitter became a priority issue.
- The possibility of vertical movement of quadrupole magnets or even accelerator structures affecting the beam was considered, and efforts toward modeling and measuring potential sources [2] of beam jitter in the linac ensued.
- This paper primarily describes measurements of quadrupole and accelerator structure motion in the linac under various conditions and the conclusions reached.
II. SETUP
- The system used for most measurements combined Mark L4-C geophones, and a SLAC built integrator and amplifier, with a mobile LabView® data acquisition and analysis system.
- The geophone is essentially a mass suspended on a spring that induces a signal on a coil which is proportional to velocity of the ground motion for frequencies above the geophone natural frequency (~1 Hz).
- The combined system as configured for these measurements has good †Supported by D.O.E. contract DE-AC03-76SF00515.
- Electrical noise in the geophone measurements was determined to be several orders of magnitude below the measurement data.
- Cross checks of the geophones were made using a Hewlett Packard HP3560A Dynamic Signal Analyzer with a PCB Piezotronics model 393B31 accelerometer and an optical linear encoder (Heidenhain model MT60K) with 50nm resolution.
III. MEASUREMENTS
- Vertical motion of accelerator structures was measured at 1 micron rms, and thought not to be a problem for SLC beams.
- Correlation between the motions of two quadrupoles separated by 12 meters was high in the 8-14 Hz range but not elsewhere in the spectrum.
- The quadrupole motion in the 8-14 Hz range, however, was not reduced dramatically with the water off .
- Figure 3 shows some examples of the integrated spectrum.
- To study the difference, the pipe vibration near the pump was measured in sector 14.
IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- The largest contributor to quadrupole vertical vibration in the SLC is due to the motion of the accelerator cooling water.
- Compounding the problem is a ~10 Hz resonant quadrupole support structure.
- Its effect was reduced by adding wedge supports.
- Other types of quadrupoles need similar fixes.
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Citations
37 citations
Cites methods from "Vibration studies of the Stanford L..."
...For example, the effect of water induced vibrations was measured at the Stanford Linear Collider [94]....
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...The large emittance of 2It is perhaps interesting to note that the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC), the sole linear collider built to date, did not actually consist of two opposing machines....
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...It is worth mentioning that the sole linear collider built so far, is the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) [15]....
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Cites methods from "Vibration studies of the Stanford L..."
...Measurements of quadrupole magnet vibrations using a geophone indicate ~300 nm rms vibrations for frequencies above 1 Hz [24]....
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Cites background from "Vibration studies of the Stanford L..."
...The jitter still remained big and besides some distinct frequency lines [4], the jitter is coming from a white noise source which grows by a factor of up to six in the linac [5]....
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References
227 citations
"Vibration studies of the Stanford L..." refers background in this paper
...Figure 6. Spectrum and integral of vertical motion on the floor of the accelerator tunnel (about 35' below ground [ 4 ])....
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"Vibration studies of the Stanford L..." refers background in this paper
...Quadrupole vertical motion was about 250 nanometers rms, enough to be a problem [2]....
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...The possibility of vertical movement of quadrupole magnets or even accelerator structures affecting the beam was considered, and efforts toward modeling and measuring potential sources [2] of beam jitter in the linac ensued....
[...]
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Frequently Asked Questions (3)
Q2. What is the definition of a geophone?
The geophone is essentially a mass suspended on a spring that induces a signal on a coil which is proportional to velocity of the ground motion for frequencies above the geophone natural frequency (~1 Hz).
Q3. What was the effect of turning off water to the quadrupoles?
Turning off water to the quadrupoles themselves had little affect, but turning off the water to the adjacent accelerator structures lowered vibration of the quadrupoles from about 250 nanometers rms to about 60 nanometers rms (see figure 2).