Vigilance Behaviour in Grazing African Antelopes
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Cites background from "Vigilance Behaviour in Grazing Afri..."
...…or obstructed visibility (indirect cue of risk of predation) where it is difficult to visually detect predators, prey increase vigilance behavior (Underwood 1982, Metcalfe 1984, Goldsmith 1990, Martella et al. 1995, Arenz and Leger 1997, Whittingham et al. 2004, Hernández et al. 2005, Bednekoff…...
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1 citations
Cites background from "Vigilance Behaviour in Grazing Afri..."
...…sex (Hunter and Skinner 1998; Childress and Lung 2003; Winnie and Creel 2007), body condition (Winnie and Creel 2007), position within the group (Underwood 1982; Keys and Dugatkin 1990; Hunter and Skinner 1998), habitat type (Lima 1987; Scheel 1993; White and Berger 2001), time of day (Scheel…...
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...(4) Position within the herd: It has been argued that peripheral animals tend to be more vigilant than interior animals because they are at a greater risk of being attacked first by a predator (Hamilton 1971; Underwood 1982; Keys and Dugatkin 1990; Hunter and Skinner 1998)....
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...Elk, like many ungulates, are less vigilant as herd size increases (Underwood 1982; Elgar 1989; Roberts 1996)....
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...Increasing vigilance levels to increase the probability of detecting a predator is often negatively correlated with time spent foraging (Underwood 1982; Lima 1998a)....
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...…studied in a wide variety of mammals and birds, and these studies have identified many factors that influence scanning rates, including group size (Underwood 1982; Elgar 1989; Roberts 1996), age and sex (Hunter and Skinner 1998; Childress and Lung 2003; Winnie and Creel 2007), body condition…...
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1 citations
References
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Additional excerpts
...The 'selfish herd' (HAMILTON, 1971)...
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"Vigilance Behaviour in Grazing Afri..." refers background in this paper
...Such habitat differences may have influenced the evolution of social and anti-predator behaviour in antelope (GEIST, 1974; JARMAN, 1974; ESTES, 1974) and may also affect both predator and prey behaviour on a day to day basis (SCHALLER, 1972; KRUUK, 1972; CURIO, 1976; EDMUNDS, 1974)....
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...If scanning reduces predation, it may take up less of the large animals' time either because both the number and the range of potential predators are smaller (JARMAN, 1974; GEIST, 1974), or because these antelope, being found in large groups, either are (a) less easy for a predator to find, (b) share vigilance with other group members (CARACAO et al....
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...The smaller and, according to JARMAN (1974), the more selective species are those which show significant correlations between the rate of looking and indices of feeding success, supporting the possibility that scanning forms a part of foraging behaviour....
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919 citations
"Vigilance Behaviour in Grazing Afri..." refers background in this paper
...Such habitat differences may have influenced the evolution of social and anti-predator behaviour in antelope (GEIST, 1974; JARMAN, 1974; ESTES, 1974) and may also affect both predator and prey behaviour on a day to day basis (SCHALLER, 1972; KRUUK, 1972; CURIO, 1976; EDMUNDS, 1974)....
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