Violencia filio-parental en la adolescencia: características ambientales y personales
TL;DR: In this article, the perfil of adolescentes that ejercen violencia fisica and verbal contra their progenitores was evaluated. But, the results showed that most of the adolescentes consider the actos of verbal and fisiciamiento verbales to be more frecuentes than those of verbal.
Abstract: ResumenEn este estudio se evaluo el perfil de los adolescentes que ejercen violencia fisica y verbal contra sus progenitores. Participaron 1427 adolescentes (728 chicas, 682 chicos) que contestaron numerosas medidas personales y ambientales. Los resultados mostraron que mientras que las agresiones verbales menos severas, como chillar a los progenitores, ocurren en el 65.8% de los casos, las agresiones fisicas son mucho menos frecuentes (7.2%). La violencia contra los progenitores se asocia a exposicion a la violencia familiar, baja disciplina ejercida por los progenitores, amigos con problemas de conducta, sintomas de depresion, conducta delincuente, consumo de drogas, impulsividad, creencias justificadoras de la violencia y de grandiosidad. Los chicos ejercen mas la violencia fisica mientras que las chicas ejercen mas actos de violencia verbal. Por ultimo, las madres sufren mas actos de violencia verbal que los padres.
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TL;DR: A psychological profile that combines internalizing problems and an instrumental use of violence in adolescents who perpetrate CPV is suggested, which should be understood in the context of permissibility and lack of limits within the family.
Abstract: Child-to-parent violence (CPV) includes acts committed by a child to intentionally cause physical, psychological, or financial pain to a parent. Available data indicate increasing rates of CPV in Spain, which have been attributed to a tendency toward more permissive parenting styles and changes in the power cycles within the families. The primary aim of this study was to assess the predictive role of some behavioral and emotional characteristics of adolescents who perpetrate CPV. A total of 1,072 adolescents (601 girls) filled out measures of CPV, proactive and reactive aggression, depressive symptoms, and substance abuse at Time 1, and measures of CPV 6 months later. The results showed that CPV was predicted by proactive, but not by reactive, aggression. This finding supports an instrumental role for CPV, which should be understood in the context of permissibility and lack of limits within the family. Depression and substance abuse also predicted the increase of CPV over time. Moreover, there were no sex...
108 citations
Cites background or result from "Violencia filio-parental en la adol..."
...…displayed by adolescents who perpetrate CPV may be preceded by specific family circumstances, such as exposure to violence or emotional deprivation, which, as mentioned, often concur in situations of CPV (Boxer et al., 2009; Browne & Hamilton, 1998; Calvete et al., 2011; Howard & Rottem, 2008)....
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...It is therefore important for future studies to include this variable to clarify the inconsistent results found with regard to CPV (Calvete et al., 2011; Cottrell & Monk, 2004)....
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...Although some studies have reported that CPV is more common in families of low socioeconomic status (Cottrell & Monk, 2004), others have found that it occurs in all socioeconomic groups (Calvete et al., 2011)....
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...For instance, substance abuse is frequent among adolescents who perpetrate CPV (Calvete et al., 2011; Cottrell & Monk, 2004; Pagani et al., 2004, 2009)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the exposure to violence in different settings (school, community, home, and TV) and its relationship to some variables of the social-cognitive processing (hostile social perception, impulsivity, ability to anticipate the consequences of social behaviors and to select the appropriate means to achieve the goals of social behaviours) in a group of juveniles who assaulted their parents.
Abstract: Research suggests that child-to-parent violence (CPV) is related to a previous history of violence within the family setting. The current study was aimed to explore the exposure to violence in different settings (school, community, home, and TV) and its relationship to some variables of the social-cognitive processing (hostile social perception, impulsivity, ability to anticipate the consequences of social behaviors and to select the appropriate means to achieve the goals of social behaviors) in a group of juveniles who assaulted their parents. It is also examined how they differ from other young offenders and non-offender adolescents. The sample included 90 adolescents from Jaen (Spain). Thirty of them were juveniles who had been reported by their parents for being violent towards them and 30 were juveniles who had committed other types of offences. The third group was made up of 30 adolescents without any criminal charge. Adolescents answered measures of exposure to violence, perception of criticism/rejection from parents, hostile social perception, and social problem- solving skills. Results revealed that juveniles who abused their parents reported higher levels of exposure to violence at home when comparing to the other groups. In addition, exposure to violence at home was significantly correlated to the hostile social perception of adolescents in CPV cases. Implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.
83 citations
Cites methods or result from "Violencia filio-parental en la adol..."
...…that there will be higher scores in violence exposure at home in the group of CPV offenders when compared to the other groups (Boxer et al., 2009; Calvete et al., 2011; Gámez-Guadix & Calvete, 2012; Ibabe et al., 2013; Ibabe et al., 2009; Routt & Anderson, 2011) and, consequently, exposure to…...
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...…exposure to violence at home than other young offenders and non-offender adolescents, which is in line with previous studies with community samples (Calvete et al., 2011, Gámez-Guadix & Calvete, 2012; Ibabe et al., 2013; Margolin & Baucom, 2014; Pagani et al., 2004, 2009; Routt & Anderson, 2011),…...
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...Moreover, previous studies with egal and community samples in the field of CPV note the releance of these variables in adolescents who assault their parents Calvete et al., 2011; Calvete, Gámez-Guadix, & García-Salvador, 014; Contreras & Cano, 2014a, 2015)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the importance of the quality of family relationships and different strategies of family discipline with regard to violent or prosocial behavior of adolescents toward their parents was analyzed in the context of child-to-parent violence.
Abstract: Child-to-parent violence is a social problem that is qualitatively different from other types of family violence, since adolescents direct their violence toward those who should represent authority and provide for their welfare One of the goals of this study was to analyze the importance of the quality of family relationships and different strategies of family discipline with regard to violent or prosocial behavior of adolescents toward their parents Structural Equation Modeling was used to test a model of violent behavior towards parents Participants were 585 children aged between 12 and 18 from eight schools in the Basque Country (Spain) Positive family discipline and supervision were not associated with lower levels of violence against parents Family relationships had direct effects on child-to-parent violence, and power-assertive discipline showed a mediating effect in that association It seems that affectivity and quality of family relationships are the most important aspects for preventing violent behaviors
81 citations
Cites background from "Violencia filio-parental en la adol..."
...Parent abuse occurs when parents are excessively controlling or authoritarian (Calvete et al. 2011; Gallagher 2004; Pagani et al. 2004)....
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...However, supervision has been associated inversely with violent behavior of adolescents toward their parents (Calvete et al. 2011, 2014b)....
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...However, parenting styles are not reliable predictors in adolescents who assault their parents (e.g., Calvete et al. 2011; Ibabe et al. 2013)....
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...It has been found that parents of adolescents who perpetrated CPVmade fewer attempts to make sure there were consequences for inappropriate behaviour and exercised less supervision (Calvete et al. 2011, 2014b)....
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TL;DR: The questionnaire developed in this study, the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire (CPAQ), includes forms of physical and psychological aggression directed at both the mother and the father and highlights the complexity of child- to-parent aggression in adolescence.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to assess child-to-parent aggression in adolescents and to document the extent of the problem. The questionnaire developed in this study, the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire (CPAQ), includes forms of physical and psychological aggression directed at both the mother and the father. It also includes open questions about the reasons for the aggressive acts. The CPAQ was completed by a sample of 2719 adolescents (age range: 13–18 years old, 51.4% girls). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor correlated structure (physical aggression against mother, physical aggression against father, psychological aggression against mother, and psychological aggression against father). Psychological and physical aggression against the mother was more frequent than against the father. However, there were no differences with regard to severe forms of aggression. Girls scored significantly higher on all indicators of psychological aggression, including severe psychological aggression. Nevertheless, except for the prevalence of physical aggression against mothers, which was higher in females, there were no significant differences in physical aggression against parents. Finally, the reasons provided by the adolescents for the aggression included both instrumental (e.g., to obtain permission to get home late and to access their computers) and reactive reasons (e.g., anger and self-defense). These findings highlight the complexity of child-to-parent aggression in adolescence.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the association of family characteristics associated with child-to-parent aggressions in adolescents and found that low levels of affection and communication were associated with all forms of severe CPA.
Abstract: Title: Family characteristics associated with child-to-parent aggressions in adolescents. Abstract: The Child-to-Parent Aggression (CPA) is an area of growing in- terest. Previous studies suggest that a variety of family factors can act as explanatory elements of the CPA, such as exposure to violence, emotional neglect and permissive parenting style. This study examined the association of these factors with the occurrence of severe physical and psychological CPA. A total of 1698 adolescents (870 boys and 828 girls), aged between 12 and 17 years, answered CPA measures, exposure to violence, affection and communication, parental abandonment and permissive parenting style. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that low levels of affection and communication were associated with all forms of severe CPA. Wit- nessing family violence was associated with the physical VFP against fa- thers whereas direct victimization in family was associated with physical CPA against mothers, and psychological CPA against both parents. The permissive style was associated with the severe psychological CPA but not with the physical CPA.
75 citations
Cites background from "Violencia filio-parental en la adol..."
...Los pocos estudios que han evaluado la prevalencia de agresiones psicológicas arrojan cifras que oscilan entre 45 y 65% (Calvete et al., 2011; Pagani et al., 2004, 2009)....
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...Aunque algunos estudios han reportado que la VFP es más común en familias de bajo estatus socioeconómico (Cottrell y Monk, 2004), otros han encontrado que se produce en todos los grupos socioeconómicos (Calvete et al., 2011; véase Routt y Anderson, 2011 para revisión)....
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References
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TL;DR: An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.
Abstract: The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more dependable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived selfefficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.
38,007 citations
TL;DR: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) as discussed by the authors is a self-report measure of subjectively assessed social support, which has good internal and test-retest reliability as well as moderate construct validity.
Abstract: The development of a self-report measure of subjectively assessed social support, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), is described. Subjects included 136 female and 139 male university undergraduates. Three subscales, each addressing a different source of support, were identified and found to have strong factorial validity: (a) Family, (b) Friends, and (c) Significant Other. In addition, the research demonstrated that the MSPSS has good internal and test-retest reliability as well as moderate construct validity. As predicted, high levels of perceived social support were associated with low levels of depression and anxiety symptomatology as measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Gender differences with respect to the MSPSS are also presented. The value of the MSPSS as a research instrument is discussed, along with implications for future research.
8,983 citations
TL;DR: The Conflict Tactics (CT) scales as discussed by the authors measure the use of reasoning, verbal aggression, and violence within the family in intra-family conflict and violence research, and the CT scales are designed for measuring the use qf Reasoning, VerbalAggression, and Violence within families.
Abstract: Development of research on intrafamily conflict and violence requires both conceptual clarity and measures of the concepts. The introduction to this paper therefore seeks to clarifj and distinguish the concepts of "conflict, " "conflict of interest, " "hostility, " and "violence. " The main part qf the paper describes the Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales. The CT Scales are designed to measure the use qf Reasoning, VerbalAggression, and Violence within the family. Information is presented on the following aspects of this instrument: theoretical rational, acceptability to respondents, scoring, factor structure, reliability, validity, and norms for a nationally representative sample of 2,143 couples.
6,226 citations
TL;DR: A parent-to-child version of the Conflict Tactics Scales, the CTSPC is better suited to measuring child maltreatment than the original CTS and is practical for epidemiological research on child malt treatment and for clinical screening.
Abstract: Objective: To create a parent-to-child version of the Conflict Tactics Scales, the CTSPC. Method: Description of the conceptual and methodological approaches used and psychometric data for a nationally representative sample of 1,000 U.S. children. Results: (1) Improved Psychological Aggression and Physical Assault scales. (2) New Nonviolent Discipline scale, supplementary scale for Neglect, and supplemental questions on discipline methods and sexual abuse. (3) Reliability ranges from low to moderate. (4) Evidence of discriminant and construct validity. Conclusions: The CTSPC is better suited to measuring child maltreatment than the original CTS. It is brief (6 to 8 minutes for the core scales) and therefore practical for epidemiological research on child maltreatment and for clinical screening. Methodological issues inherent in parent self-report measures of child maltreatment are discussed.
2,093 citations