Viper venom-induced inflammation and inhibition of free radical formation by pure compound (2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid) isolated and purified from anantamul (Hemidesmus indicus R.Br) root extract
TL;DR: The present investigation explored the possible venom neutralizing effect of a pure compound isolated and purified from the methanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus R.Rr.
About: This article is published in Toxicon.The article was published on 1998-01-01. It has received 112 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hemidesmus indicus.
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TL;DR: The results of the study suggested that HMBA could help in controlling DM owing to their hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects.
Abstract: Hydroxy 4-methoxy benzoic acid (HMBA) isolated from the roots of Hemidemus indicus (H. indicus ) was evaluated for its anti-diabetic activity on streptozoticin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. HMBA, the active principle of H. indicus, was administered (500μg/kg body weight) orally to STZ-induced diabetic and non diabetic rats. The effect of HMBA on plasma glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, liver glycogen and serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) and creatine kinase (CK). After administration of HMBA, the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol were normalized in diabetic rats. It also reversed the elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP, γ- GT and CK to near normal level. The levels of plasma insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin and liver glycogen were also restored after HMBA treatment. Thus the results of our study suggested that HMBA could help in controlling DM owing to their hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects.
22 citations
01 Apr 2011
TL;DR: An ethnomedicinal survey of plants, which are especially used for the treatment of snakebite in the tribal areas of Rajasthan, was conducted to access the potentiality of herbs treating snakebite cases for modern therapeutic treatment ofSnakebites.
Abstract: An ethnomedicinal survey of plants, which are especially used for the treatment of snakebite in the tribal (Bhil, Meena, Garasia, Sahariya, Damor, Kathodia) dominated areas of Rajasthan, was conducted to access the potentiality of herbs treating snakebite cases for modern therapeutic treatment of snakebites. The information is based on exhaustive interviews with specialist (doctor) and non-specialist person (village headman, priest and tribal folks) practicing snakebite cases. The people belonging to primitive or aboriginal culture possess a good deal of information about medicinal utility of plant diversity. Of 44 plant species used to treat snakebite victims, 39 belong to dicotyledonous group, while 5 species belongs to monocotyledons. Plant species along with part/s used and the mode of administration for treatment of venomous snakebite incidences are given. Besides, several myths related to snakes prevalent among the tribal and rural people of the study area are also discussed.
21 citations
TL;DR: The anti-venom activity of the phenolic compounds which needs to be further investigated for the development of new anti-snake venom leads is confirmed.
21 citations
Cites background from "Viper venom-induced inflammation an..."
...More than 800 plant species have been screened for the anti-snake venom activity [15], however, very few plant extracts have shown significant protection against s ake-venom and none of the pure isolates has displayed equivalent activity [4,17,14,18,19]....
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...4 Phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids (hydroxy benzoic acid or benzaldehydes, cinnamic acid), flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumarins, pteroc arpans, phenolic glycosides and tocopherols have been reported to display protection against va riety of snake venoms [9,17,23]....
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...In our earlier study, a phenolic compound 2-hydroxy-4-meth oxy-benzoic acid was shown to possess anti-venom and antioxidant activity [4,17]....
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TL;DR: A rapid, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the estimation of rivastigmine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations and the results were found to be in good agreement with the label claims.
Abstract: A rapid, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the estimation of rivastigmine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The relative fluorescence intensity of rivastigmine was measured in triple distilled water at an excitation wavelength of 220 nm and an emission wavelength of 289 nm. Linearity range was found to be 100 to 4000 ng/ml. The method was validated for various parameters as per the ICH guidelines and USP requirements. The detection and quantitation limits were found to be 20.5 and 62.1 ng/ml, respectively. The results demonstrate that the procedure is accurate, precise, and reproducible, while being simple and rapid too. The results were found to be in good agreement with the label claims.
21 citations
TL;DR: Four plant extracts were explored for the first time for antisnake venom activity and significantly antagonized Daboia russelli, Echis carinatus, Ophiophagus hannah and Naja kaouthia venom-induced lethal activity both in in vitro and in vivo studies.
Abstract: The mortality rate
from snakebites in West Bengal is very high and most of the deaths are caused
by the Daboia russelli and Naja naja envenomation. Twenty-three plants from the seventeen families
were collected from the traditional healers and explored for the first
time for antisnake venom activity. In our previous report, the methanolic root
extract of the Indian medicinal plants Pluchea
indica, Hemidesmus indicus, Vitex negundo and Emblica officinalis significantly neutralized the Viper and Cobra venom-induced pathophysiological changes [1][2]. In the present
study, we explored four plant extracts (Curcuma
aromatica, Aristolochia indica, Androgrphis paniculata and Curcuma zeodaria) for the antisnake
venom activity. The plant extracts significantly antagonized Daboia russelli, Echis carinatus, Ophiophagus
hannah and Naja kaouthia venom-induced
lethal activity both in in vitro and in vivo studies. Daboia russellii venom-induced haemorrhage, coagulant,
defibrinogenating and PLA2 activity were significantly neutralized
by the extracts. No precipitating bands were observed between the plant extract
and venom. This observation confirmed the role of active constituents of plants
and plant materials involved in snake venom inhibition. Further studies are
going on in our laboratory for the identification of active molecules as well
as their mechanism of venom inhibition.
19 citations
Cites background from "Viper venom-induced inflammation an..."
...The presence of benzoic acid derivatives and phenolic compounds seem to act through LOX, COX and free radical formation inhibiting systems [17]....
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...The mechanism of venom inhibition by the compound was due to free radical formation inhibition through lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathway [17]....
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...The PLA2 enzyme is present in large quantity in almost all the snake venom and has been found to be neutralized by several plant compounds [17] [19] [20]....
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References
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TL;DR: The staining procedure for localizing superoxide dismutase on polyacrylamide electrophoretograms has been applied to extracts obtained from a variety of sources and could thus be assayed either in crude extracts or in purified protein fractions.
10,933 citations
9,424 citations
TL;DR: The few existing reports on the careful pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies which have been made have been summarized to provide a basis for a full-scale investigation of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids.
1,605 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that similar events occur in the guinea pig perfused lung before inhibition by steroids of phospholipase A2 activity (and thus TXA2 generation), and a steroid-induced factor is discovered which mimics the anti-phospholipases effects of these anti-inflammatory agents.
Abstract: ASPIRIN prevents prostaglandin (PG) generation by directly inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme responsible for PG biosynthesis1–3. In addition, there is now conclusive evidence that anti-inflammatory steroids can also prevent PG generation4–13. Unlike the aspirin-like drugs, steroids have no anti-cyclo-oxygenase activity but exert their action by preventing the release from phospholipids of the fatty acid substrates required for PG biosynthesis4–9,12,13. We have shown that stimulation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) release by agents such as histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and rabbit aorta contracting substance-releasing factor (RCS–RF) (but not arachidonic acid) is inhibited by anti-inflammatory steroids, and that their potency in this action closely parallels their anti-inflammatory activity12,13. Furthermore, their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity, and thus of arachidonate release within the lung12,13. In several other tissues, the mechanism of steroid hormone action depends on the combination of thesteroid with a cytosolic receptor protein, the translocation of this drug–receptor complex to the nucleus and the initiation of protein biosynthesis14–16. We now show that similar events occur in the guinea pig perfused lung before inhibition by steroids of phospholipase A2 activity (and thus TXA2 generation). We have discovered a steroid-induced factor which mimics the anti-phospholipase effects of these anti-inflammatory agents.
891 citations