Viper venom-induced inflammation and inhibition of free radical formation by pure compound (2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid) isolated and purified from anantamul (Hemidesmus indicus R.Br) root extract
TL;DR: The present investigation explored the possible venom neutralizing effect of a pure compound isolated and purified from the methanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus R.Rr.
About: This article is published in Toxicon.The article was published on 1998-01-01. It has received 112 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hemidesmus indicus.
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TL;DR: The aqueous extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots protected the bone marrow cells from cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in an inverse dose-dependent manner, but, under split dose regime it conferred a higher level of genoprotection and was not cytotoxic at the lower two doses.
Abstract: The aqueous extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots was investigated for its in vivo antigenotoxic effect against cisplatin-induced cytogenetic damage. Swiss albino mice were administered with various doses of the extract either singly (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) or as split doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg bw/day) for five consecutive days by oral gavage. As endpoints, chromosome aberrations, micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes, mitotic index and PCE/NCE ratio were estimated. The extract protected the bone marrow cells from cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in an inverse dose-dependent manner. However, the extract was cytotoxic at all doses. But, under split dose regime it conferred a higher level of genoprotection and was not cytotoxic at the lower two doses. The presence of saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids and coumarins in the crude extract could explain these effects.
17 citations
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...…1998), the antigenotoxic effect of the root extract observed in this study could be attributed to these properties of its constituent bioactive compounds, such as 2- hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid, lupeol acetate and terpenoids (Alam and Gomes, 1998; Chatterjee et al., 2006; Kumar et al., 2008)....
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..., 1998), the antigenotoxic effect of the root extract observed in this study could be attributed to these properties of its constituent bioactive compounds, such as 2hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid, lupeol acetate and terpenoids (Alam and Gomes, 1998; Chatterjee et al., 2006; Kumar et al., 2008)....
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TL;DR: The herbal extract has shown to promote the release of IgG by lymphocytes and also the ADA activity after 72 h of culture and the extract increased the IgG production from cultured PBLs, when used at 1 mg/ml concentration.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of Hemidesmus indicus extract on activities of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro . Materials and Methods: The total extract of the raw herb was obtained by methanol: isopropyl alcohol: acetone extraction and used at different concentrations. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were isolated, stimulated to proliferate using phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with and without different concentration of herbal extracts. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and immunoglobulin (IgG) secretion from cultured PBLs were studied with the herbal extracts and appropriate controls. Results: Hemidesmus indicus extract stimulated the cell proliferation at 1 mg/ml concentration significantly, after 72 h in culture. Viability of extract-treated PBLs was also maintained after culture. The extract increased the IgG production from cultured PBLs, when used at 1 mg/ml concentration. It also increased the ADA activity of PBLs after 72 h in culture. Conclusion: An immunomodulatory activity of H.indicus, related to IgG secretion and ADA activity, is revealed during the study. The herbal extract has shown to promote the release of IgG by lymphocytes and also the ADA activity after 72 h of culture.
17 citations
Cites background from "Viper venom-induced inflammation an..."
...Extract of this plant is reported to possess antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant and antiulcerogenic properties.([8-10]) H....
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TL;DR: S. cymosum may be one of the best sources of natural antioxidant compounds that can be used in the treatment of oxidative stress and stress-related diseases and disorders.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of Syzygium cymosum leaf methanol extract (SCL) against carbofuran (CF)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats, along with the identification and quantification of polyphenolic composition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids in SCL. Similarly, HPLC analysis suggests that SCL contains some known important antioxidants, such as rutin, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid that could be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity of the extract. In CF-exposed rats, significant hematological alterations along with histological changes were marked by the presence of necrosis, congestion, and inflammation. CF-intoxication also showed an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in cellular antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) levels in rats compared with the control group. Furthermore, coadministration of SCL significantly ameliorated the abnormalities and improved the cellular arrangement in experimental animals. SCL also reversed the alteration of hematological and biochemical parameters and brought them back to normal levels as compared to the control group. In conclusion, S. cymosum may be one of the best sources of natural antioxidant compounds that can be used in the treatment of oxidative stress and stress-related diseases and disorders.
16 citations
16 citations
TL;DR: Growth promoting and secondary metabolite enhancing roles of the elicitors, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA), were investigated in the popular medicinal crop Hemidesmus indicus (L) R. Br. or Indian Sarsaparilla grown in-vitro.
15 citations
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TL;DR: The staining procedure for localizing superoxide dismutase on polyacrylamide electrophoretograms has been applied to extracts obtained from a variety of sources and could thus be assayed either in crude extracts or in purified protein fractions.
10,933 citations
9,424 citations
TL;DR: The few existing reports on the careful pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies which have been made have been summarized to provide a basis for a full-scale investigation of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids.
1,605 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that similar events occur in the guinea pig perfused lung before inhibition by steroids of phospholipase A2 activity (and thus TXA2 generation), and a steroid-induced factor is discovered which mimics the anti-phospholipases effects of these anti-inflammatory agents.
Abstract: ASPIRIN prevents prostaglandin (PG) generation by directly inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme responsible for PG biosynthesis1–3. In addition, there is now conclusive evidence that anti-inflammatory steroids can also prevent PG generation4–13. Unlike the aspirin-like drugs, steroids have no anti-cyclo-oxygenase activity but exert their action by preventing the release from phospholipids of the fatty acid substrates required for PG biosynthesis4–9,12,13. We have shown that stimulation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) release by agents such as histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and rabbit aorta contracting substance-releasing factor (RCS–RF) (but not arachidonic acid) is inhibited by anti-inflammatory steroids, and that their potency in this action closely parallels their anti-inflammatory activity12,13. Furthermore, their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity, and thus of arachidonate release within the lung12,13. In several other tissues, the mechanism of steroid hormone action depends on the combination of thesteroid with a cytosolic receptor protein, the translocation of this drug–receptor complex to the nucleus and the initiation of protein biosynthesis14–16. We now show that similar events occur in the guinea pig perfused lung before inhibition by steroids of phospholipase A2 activity (and thus TXA2 generation). We have discovered a steroid-induced factor which mimics the anti-phospholipase effects of these anti-inflammatory agents.
891 citations