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Journal ArticleDOI

Viper venom-induced inflammation and inhibition of free radical formation by pure compound (2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid) isolated and purified from anantamul (Hemidesmus indicus R.Br) root extract

01 Jan 1998-Toxicon (Toxicon)-Vol. 36, Iss: 1, pp 207-215
TL;DR: The present investigation explored the possible venom neutralizing effect of a pure compound isolated and purified from the methanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus R.Rr.
About: This article is published in Toxicon.The article was published on 1998-01-01. It has received 112 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hemidesmus indicus.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The neutralizing activity of 12 ethanolic extracts of plants against the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom in Swiss Webster mice was determined.
Abstract: We determined the neutralizing activity of 12 ethanolic extracts of plants against the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom in Swiss Webster mice. The material used consisted of the leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plant of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae) and Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae), Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae) and Dracontium croatii (Araceae), and the ripe fruit of Citrus limon (Rutaceae). After preincubation of varying amounts of each extract with either 1.0 µg venom for the edema-forming effect or 2.0 µg venom for the defibrinating effect, the mixture was injected subcutaneously (sc) into the right foot pad or intravenously into the tail, respectively, to groups of four mice (18-20 g). All extracts (6.2-200 µg/mouse) partially neutralized the edema-forming activity of venom in a dose-dependent manner (58-76% inhibition), with B. orellana, S. orbicularis, G. panamensis, B. rosademonte, and D. croatii showing the highest effect. Ten extracts (3.9-2000 µg/mouse) also showed 100% neutralizing ability against the defibrinating effect of venom, and nine prolonged the coagulation time induced by the venom. When the extracts were administered either before or after venom injection, the neutralization of the edema-forming effect was lower than 40% for all extracts, and none of them neutralized the defibrinating effect of venom. When they were administered in situ (sc at the same site 5 min after venom injection), the neutralization of edema increased for six extracts, reaching levels up to 64% for C. limon.

88 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The therapeutic potential of Caps HT2 against vascular intimal damage and atherogenesis leading to various types of cardiovascular problems is revealed and indicates the effectiveness against hyperlipidaemia and obesity.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1998-Toxicon
TL;DR: The adjuvant effect and antiserum potentiation of a compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid, isolated and purified from the Indian medicinal plant Hemidesmus indicus R. Br, possessed antisnake venom activity raised the possibility of the use of chemical antagonists against snake bite, which may provide a better protection in presence of antisersum, especially in the rural parts of India.

79 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The observations confirmed that the ethanol leaf extract of Acalypha indica possesses potent snake venom neutralizing properties.

75 citations


Cites background from "Viper venom-induced inflammation an..."

  • ...It has been reported that anti oxidant activity is one of the mechanisms of venom inactivation and inhibition (Alam et al., 1994; Alam and Gomes, 1998, 2003)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present article reviews the current status of various medicinal plants for the management of snake bite and concludes that numerous unexplored plants claimed to be antidotes in folklore medicine need to be studied.
Abstract: Snake envenomation is a global public health problem, with highest incidence in Southeast Asia. Inadequate health services, difficult transportation and consequent delay in antisnake venom administration are the main reasons for high mortality. Adverse drug reactions and inadequate storage conditions limit the use of antisnake venom. The medicinal plants, available locally and used widely by traditional healers, therefore need attention. A wide array of plants and their active principles have been evaluated for pharmacological properties. However, numerous unexplored plants claimed to be antidotes in folklore medicine need to be studied. The present article reviews the current status of various medicinal plants for the management of snake bite.

73 citations


Cites background from "Viper venom-induced inflammation an..."

  • ...Toxicology International May-Aug 2012 / Vol-19 / Issue-2 95 also reduced venom-induced free radical generation and showed antiserum action potentiation.[68,69] Leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis detoxified venom of Echis carinatus and Naja nigricollis in vitro....

    [...]

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The staining procedure for localizing superoxide dismutase on polyacrylamide electrophoretograms has been applied to extracts obtained from a variety of sources and could thus be assayed either in crude extracts or in purified protein fractions.

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Journal ArticleDOI
B. Havsteen1
TL;DR: The few existing reports on the careful pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies which have been made have been summarized to provide a basis for a full-scale investigation of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids.

1,605 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
29 Mar 1979-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown that similar events occur in the guinea pig perfused lung before inhibition by steroids of phospholipase A2 activity (and thus TXA2 generation), and a steroid-induced factor is discovered which mimics the anti-phospholipases effects of these anti-inflammatory agents.
Abstract: ASPIRIN prevents prostaglandin (PG) generation by directly inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme responsible for PG biosynthesis1–3. In addition, there is now conclusive evidence that anti-inflammatory steroids can also prevent PG generation4–13. Unlike the aspirin-like drugs, steroids have no anti-cyclo-oxygenase activity but exert their action by preventing the release from phospholipids of the fatty acid substrates required for PG biosynthesis4–9,12,13. We have shown that stimulation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) release by agents such as histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and rabbit aorta contracting substance-releasing factor (RCS–RF) (but not arachidonic acid) is inhibited by anti-inflammatory steroids, and that their potency in this action closely parallels their anti-inflammatory activity12,13. Furthermore, their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity, and thus of arachidonate release within the lung12,13. In several other tissues, the mechanism of steroid hormone action depends on the combination of thesteroid with a cytosolic receptor protein, the translocation of this drug–receptor complex to the nucleus and the initiation of protein biosynthesis14–16. We now show that similar events occur in the guinea pig perfused lung before inhibition by steroids of phospholipase A2 activity (and thus TXA2 generation). We have discovered a steroid-induced factor which mimics the anti-phospholipase effects of these anti-inflammatory agents.

891 citations