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Journal ArticleDOI

Visual perception of one’s own body under vestibular stimulation using biometric self-avatars in virtual reality

TL;DR: The results suggest that vestibular stimulation does not directly influence the explicit somatosensory representation of the authors' body, and multisensory integration and not the processing of a single sensory input is the crucial mechanism in generating their body representation in relation to the external world.
Abstract: Background and purpose Vestibular input is projected to "multisensory (vestibular) cortex" where it converges with input from other sensory modalities. It has been assumed that this multisensory integration enables a continuous perception of state and presence of one’s own body. The present study thus asked whether or not vestibular stimulation may impact this perception. Methods We used an immersive virtual reality setup to realistically manipulate the length of extremities of first person biometric avatars. Twenty-two healthy participants had to adjust arms and legs to their correct length from various start lengths before, during, and after vestibular stimulation. Results Neither unilateral caloric nor galvanic vestibular stimulation had a modulating effect on the perceived size of own extremities. Conclusion Our results suggest that vestibular stimulation does not directly influence the explicit somatosensory representation of our body. It is possible that in non-brain-damaged, healthy subjects, changes in whole body size perception are principally not mediated by vestibular information. Alternatively, visual feedback and/or memory may dominate multisensory integration and thereby override possibly existing modulations of body perception by vestibular stimulation. The present observations suggest that multisensory integration and not the processing of a single sensory input is the crucial mechanism in generating our body representation in relation to the external world.

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TL;DR: Results indicate that winter camelina sown before September usually does not survive the winter in this region, and the highest harvestable seed yield occurred with fall sowing in September and even as late as early October.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reviewed studies show that the implementation of structured PIs may be efficacious in increasing individuals’ satisfaction of their own body, and thus improving their subjective body image related assessments, but there is no clear evidence regarding an additional or interactive effect of PI when implemented in conjunction with established treatments for clinical populations.
Abstract: Distorted representation of one's own body is a diagnostic criterion and corepsychopathology of disorders such as anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder. Previousliterature has raised the possibility of utilising physical activity intervention (PI) as atreatment option for individuals suffering from poor body satisfaction, which is traditionallyregarded as a systematic distortion in "body image." In this systematic review,conducted according to the PRISMA statement, the evidence on effectiveness of PI on body representation outcomes is synthesised. We provide an update of 34 longitudinal studies evaluating the effectiveness of different types of PIs on body representation. No systematic risk of bias within or across studies were identified. The reviewed studies show that the implementation of structured PIs may be efficacious in increasing individuals' satisfaction of their own body, and thus improving their subjective body image related assessments. However, there is no clear evidence regarding an additional or interactive effect of PI when implemented in conjunction with established treatments for clinical populations. We argue for theoretically sound, mechanism-oriented, multimethod approaches to future investigations on body image disturbance. Specifically, we highlight the need to consider expanding the theoretical framework for the investigation of body representation disturbances to include further body representations besides body image.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the lack of streamlined mapping guides and outcome measures with respect to cochlear implant (CI) fittings and highlight some common practices across professionals and CI centres: the activation of a CI is behavioural; impedances are systematically measured at each fitting; and some parameters are rarely modified.
Abstract: As a follow-up to the studies by Vaerenberg et al. (Sci World J 501738:1–12, 2014) and Browning et al. (Cochlear Implant Int 21(3):1–13, 2020), who used questionnaires, we determined whether there are between-centre variations in the fitting of cochlear implants by analysing the methodology, fitting parameters and hearing results of patients from four centres with real data. The purpose of this study is to highlight the lack of streamlined mapping guides and outcome measures with respect to cochlear implant (CI) fittings. A retrospective study with ninety-seven post-lingual adults with a nucleus cochlear implant placed between 2003 and 2013 was included to ensure at least 5 years of follow-up. The studied data were as follows: the methodology, including the fitter’s professional background, the method of activation, the sequence of fitting sessions, the objectives measures and hearing outcomes; and the fitting parameters, including the speech processors, programming strategy, stimulation mode, T and C levels, T-SPL and C-SPL, maxima, pulse width, loudness growth and hearing results. This investigation highlights some common practices across professionals and CI centres: the activation of a CI is behavioural; impedances are systematically measured at each fitting; and some parameters are rarely modified. However, there are also differences, either between centres, such as the sequences of fitting sessions (p < 0.05) or their approach to spectral bands (p < 0.05), or even within centres, such as the policy regarding T and C levels at high frequencies compared to those at low and mid-frequencies. There are important variations between and within centres that reflect a lack of CI-related policies and outcome measures in the fitting of CI. NCT03700268

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: At 29 weeks of gestation, intra uterine fetal demise was diagnosed, and the gynecology team elected accentuation and vaginal delivery of the stillborn, after which the patient showed clinical and laboratory improvement adding to the scheme of treatment with dexamethasone, etoposide, cyclosporine, and blood transfusions.
Abstract: We present a 23-year-old pregnant woman gravida 3, para 1 27 weeks of gestation complaining of intermittent fever, hyporexia, and vomiting since one week. She had history of malar rash that increased with sun exposure since adolescence. Physical examination revealed fever, pulse of 99 beats per min, blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg, and breathing frequency of 19/min. She was pale, a maculopapular skin rash over both cheeks was observed. There was no lymphadenopathy or joint pain. The liver was palpable 2 cm below the right costal margin and tender; the spleen was not palpable. The uterus was gravid, normal tone, fetal heart rate was 158 beats per min, fetal movement was present, and uterine height was 23 cm. She was awake, oriented, and responsive. Laboratory results showed a hemoglobin of 11.1 g/dL, leukocytes of 6220/mm3, a platelet count of 240,000/mm3, and C protein reactive of 13.3 mg/L, urinary sediment showed leukocyturia without nitrites. There was a suspicion of urinary tract infection; therefore, urinary and blood culture (both negative) were performed, and empiric antibiotic treatment was started using ceftriaxone. TORCH, HTLV I-II, and EBV serology tests were negative. An autoimmune disease was ruled out with negative ANA, anticardiolipin, ANCA MPO, and ANCA PR3. Tumor screening was negative according to abdominal CT, AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA-125. The patient presented with acute respiratory distress and was transferred to intensive care unit, with the chest skiagram showing diffuse infiltrates in both lung fields (Fig. 1). New laboratory test was performed 16 days after the admission, which was suggestive of hemoglobin 5.3 mg/dL, total leukocyte count 2240/ mm3, and platelets 38,000/mm3. Renal function revealed an increase in creatinine to 1.74 and urea of 110 mmol/L. Liver biochemistry showed a raised serum TGO – 1345 U/L, TGP – 142 U/L, and hyperbilirubinemia (total 11.97 mg/ dL, direct fraction 8.95 mg/dL). Serum LDH was raised to 9540 U/L. Ferritin measure showed a level of 1278 ng/mL. The echocardiogram was suggestive of moderate pericarditis with competent cardiac valves and no vegetations. Abdominal sonography was suggestive of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, associated with diffuse hepatopathy. Liver biopsy showed chronic hepatopathy with steatohepatitis. HELLP syndrome was likely; nevertheless, the blood pressure was always normal. The patient had persistent fever despite antibiotics; infectology suggested adding meropenem plus vancomycin due to probable sepsis of respiratory origin. Hematologist performed a bone marrow biopsy where hemophagocytosis was observed, which was suggestive of HLH. The result of a lipid profile demonstrated an increase in triglycerides of 369 mg/ dl. At 29 weeks of gestation, intra uterine fetal demise was diagnosed, and the gynecology team elected accentuation and vaginal delivery of the stillborn, after which the patient showed clinical and laboratory improvement adding to the scheme of treatment with dexamethasone, etoposide, cyclosporine, and blood transfusions. Nonetheless, she acquired Luis A. Sánchez-Ato ia an assistant professor, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru; Flavia A. Cuestas-Quiroz ia an assistant professor Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru; Carla Agurto-Saldana is a Gynecologist, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru; David Estela-Ayamamani is a Gynecologist, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru and Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors introduce VR hardware and review the specific properties of immersive VR versus real-world setups providing examples how they improved existing setups and summarize current approaches to make VR a tool for psychotherapy of eating and weight disorders and introduce usercentered design of VR environments as a solution to support their further development.
Abstract: Immersive virtual reality technology (VR) still waits for its wide dissemination in research and psychotherapy of eating and weight disorders. Given the comparably high efforts in producing a VR setup, we outline that the technology’s breakthrough needs tailored exploitation of specific features of VR and user-centered design of setups. In this paper, we introduce VR hardware and review the specific properties of immersive VR versus real-world setups providing examples how they improved existing setups. We then summarize current approaches to make VR a tool for psychotherapy of eating and weight disorders and introduce user-centered design of VR environments as a solution to support their further development. Overall, we argue that exploitation of the specific properties of VR can substantially improve existing approaches for research and therapy of eating and weight disorders. To produce more than pilot setups, iterative development of VR setups within a user-centered design approach is needed.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: G*Power 3 provides improved effect size calculators and graphic options, supports both distribution-based and design-based input modes, and offers all types of power analyses in which users might be interested.
Abstract: G*Power (Erdfelder, Faul, & Buchner, 1996) was designed as a general stand-alone power analysis program for statistical tests commonly used in social and behavioral research. G*Power 3 is a major extension of, and improvement over, the previous versions. It runs on widely used computer platforms (i.e., Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Mac OS X 10.4) and covers many different statistical tests of thet, F, and χ2 test families. In addition, it includes power analyses forz tests and some exact tests. G*Power 3 provides improved effect size calculators and graphic options, supports both distribution-based and design-based input modes, and offers all types of power analyses in which users might be interested. Like its predecessors, G*Power 3 is free.

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Journal ArticleDOI
19 Feb 1998-Nature
TL;DR: An illusion in which tactile sensations are referred to an alien limb is reported, which reveals a three-way interaction between vision, touch and proprioception, and may supply evidence concerning the basis of bodily self-identification.
Abstract: Illusions have historically been of great use to psychology for what they can reveal about perceptual processes. We report here an illusion in which tactile sensations are referred to an alien limb. The effect reveals a three-way interaction between vision, touch and proprioception, and may supply evidence concerning the basis of bodily self-identification.

3,422 citations

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This practical primer with accompanying spreadsheet and R package enables psychologists to easily perform equivalence tests (and power analyses) by setting equivalence bounds based on standardized effect sizes and provides recommendations to prespecify equivalence limits.
Abstract: Scientists should be able to provide support for the absence of a meaningful effect. Currently, researchers often incorrectly conclude an effect is absent based a nonsignificant result. A widely recommended approach within a frequentist framework is to test for equivalence. In equivalence tests, such as the two one-sided tests (TOST) procedure discussed in this article, an upper and lower equivalence bound is specified based on the smallest effect size of interest. The TOST procedure can be used to statistically reject the presence of effects large enough to be considered worthwhile. This practical primer with accompanying spreadsheet and R package enables psychologists to easily perform equivalence tests (and power analyses) by setting equivalence bounds based on standardized effect sizes and provides recommendations to prespecify equivalence bounds. Extending your statistical tool kit with equivalence tests is an easy way to improve your statistical and theoretical inferences.

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2018
TL;DR: Two One-Sided Tests (TOSTs) as discussed by the authors were used to test both for the presence of an effect and for the absence of a effect in a test set.
Abstract: Psychologists must be able to test both for the presence of an effect and for the absence of an effect. In addition to testing against zero, researchers can use the two one-sided tests (TOST) proce...

721 citations