Vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers
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References
1,943 citations
"Vortex-induced vibrations of a circ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...For a comprehensive review of the research on various aspects of vortex-induced vibrations, the reader is referred to the review articles by Williamson & Govardhan (2004), Sarpkaya (1979, 2004) and Bearman (1984)....
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...More details on the blockage used for various experimental studies can be found in Norberg (2003) and Williamson & Govardhan (2004)....
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...It has been pointed out in the literature (Khalak & Williamson 1999 and Williamson & Govardhan 2004) that synchronization/lock-in is defined as the state when the frequency of the periodic wake vortex mode matches the cylinder oscillation frequency....
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...Williamson & Govardhan (2004) demonstrated, via a compilation of results from the literature for various studies, that hysteresis at the low-velocity end of the synchronization region may exist even in the laminar vortex shedding range....
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...A review of some of the issues and the corresponding references may be found in Williamson & Govardhan (2004)....
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1,368 citations
"Vortex-induced vibrations of a circ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...In his review article, Sarpkaya (2004) pointed out that in a viscous medium, the added-mass coefficient is very important in determining the phase jump when the non-dimensionalized mass, m∗, is small....
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...For a comprehensive review of the research on various aspects of vortex-induced vibrations, the reader is referred to the review articles by Williamson & Govardhan (2004), Sarpkaya (1979, 2004) and Bearman (1984)....
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1,356 citations
"Vortex-induced vibrations of a circ..." refers background or result in this paper
...Williamson & Roshko (1988), from their experimental studies, attributed hysteresis to a sudden change in the wake modes such as 2S and 2P. Brika & Laneville (1993) confirmed that the hysteresis is indeed due to the flow and attributed it to the drastic changes in the structure of the vortices that…...
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...It has been confirmed by the flow visualization studies of Brika & Laneville (1993) and Williamson & Roshko (1988) that hysteresis in the cylinder response is the result of drastic change in the structure of vortices....
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1,251 citations
"Vortex-induced vibrations of a circ..." refers methods in this paper
...For a comprehensive review of the research on various aspects of vortex-induced vibrations, the reader is referred to the review articles by Williamson & Govardhan (2004), Sarpkaya (1979, 2004) and Bearman (1984). It is known from the pioneering works of Feng (1968) and Bishop & Hassan (1964) that the lock-in phenomenon is accompanied by jumps in transverse vibration amplitude (A/D) and fluid forces on the body. In addition, the phase difference between the cylinder displacement and fluid forces also shows a sharp change. The exact point of the jump shows hysteresis and depends on whether the point is on the decreasing- or increasing-velocity curve. Khalak & Williamson (1999) conducted experiments involving transverse oscillations of an elastically mounted rigid cylinder at very low mass–damping, m∗ζ (5000 Re 16000)....
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...For a comprehensive review of the research on various aspects of vortex-induced vibrations, the reader is referred to the review articles by Williamson & Govardhan (2004), Sarpkaya (1979, 2004) and Bearman (1984)....
[...]
...For a comprehensive review of the research on various aspects of vortex-induced vibrations, the reader is referred to the review articles by Williamson & Govardhan (2004), Sarpkaya (1979, 2004) and Bearman (1984). It is known from the pioneering works of Feng (1968) and Bishop & Hassan (1964) that the lock-in phenomenon is accompanied by jumps in transverse vibration amplitude (A/D) and fluid forces on the body. In addition, the phase difference between the cylinder displacement and fluid forces also shows a sharp change. The exact point of the jump shows hysteresis and depends on whether the point is on the decreasing- or increasing-velocity curve. Khalak & Williamson (1999) conducted experiments involving transverse oscillations of an elastically mounted rigid cylinder at very low mass–damping, m∗ζ (5000 Re 16000). They showed that, depending on the value of the combined mass–damping parameter the response of the cylinder can be one of two types. For low m∗ζ the response consists of three branches: initial excitation, upper and lower. The transition between the initial and upper branches involves hysteresis. Intermittent switching of flow modes is observed for the transition between the upper and lower branches. Using flow visualization they have shown that the initial branch is associated with the 2S mode of vortex shedding (classical Kármán street with a single vortex released from each side of the cylinder in one cycle of shedding). The 2P mode of shedding (a vortex pair is released from each side of the cylinder during a cycle of shedding) is observed on the lower branch. Hysteresis with respect to transition between initial and upper branches is observed for a range of reduced velocities (U ∗ = 4.45 − 4.70). The reduced velocity is defined as U ∗ = U/f D, where, U is the free-stream speed, D the diameter of the cylinder, and f the vibrating frequency of the cylinder. For high m∗ζ only two response branches are seen. This is often referred to as the classical Feng-type response. Brika & Laneville (1993) in their experimental investigation of VIV of a long flexible circular cylinder with low damping ratio observed hysteresis in the transverse displacement of the cylinder with variation of flow velocity (3400 Re 11800). Two branches of cylinder response were found depending on whether the flow velocity is varied gradually or impulsively. The upper branch is realized when the velocity is increased with small increments. In this case, the 2S mode of vortex shedding is observed. The lower branch is obtained when the velocity is either changed impulsively or decreased gradually. This branch is associated with the 2P mode of vortex shedding as suggested by Williamson & Roshko (1998) from their experiments on forced oscillation of a cylinder....
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...For a comprehensive review of the research on various aspects of vortex-induced vibrations, the reader is referred to the review articles by Williamson & Govardhan (2004), Sarpkaya (1979, 2004) and Bearman (1984). It is known from the pioneering works of Feng (1968) and Bishop & Hassan (1964) that the lock-in phenomenon is accompanied by jumps in transverse vibration amplitude (A/D) and fluid forces on the body. In addition, the phase difference between the cylinder displacement and fluid forces also shows a sharp change. The exact point of the jump shows hysteresis and depends on whether the point is on the decreasing- or increasing-velocity curve. Khalak & Williamson (1999) conducted experiments involving transverse oscillations of an elastically mounted rigid cylinder at very low mass–damping, m∗ζ (5000 Re 16000). They showed that, depending on the value of the combined mass–damping parameter the response of the cylinder can be one of two types. For low m∗ζ the response consists of three branches: initial excitation, upper and lower. The transition between the initial and upper branches involves hysteresis. Intermittent switching of flow modes is observed for the transition between the upper and lower branches. Using flow visualization they have shown that the initial branch is associated with the 2S mode of vortex shedding (classical Kármán street with a single vortex released from each side of the cylinder in one cycle of shedding). The 2P mode of shedding (a vortex pair is released from each side of the cylinder during a cycle of shedding) is observed on the lower branch. Hysteresis with respect to transition between initial and upper branches is observed for a range of reduced velocities (U ∗ = 4.45 − 4.70). The reduced velocity is defined as U ∗ = U/f D, where, U is the free-stream speed, D the diameter of the cylinder, and f the vibrating frequency of the cylinder. For high m∗ζ only two response branches are seen. This is often referred to as the classical Feng-type response. Brika & Laneville (1993) in their experimental investigation of VIV of a long flexible circular cylinder with low damping ratio observed hysteresis in the transverse displacement of the cylinder with variation of flow velocity (3400 Re 11800). Two branches of cylinder response were found depending on whether the flow velocity is varied gradually or impulsively. The upper branch is realized when the velocity is increased with small increments. In this case, the 2S mode of vortex shedding is observed. The lower branch is obtained when the velocity is either changed impulsively or decreased gradually. This branch is associated with the 2P mode of vortex shedding as suggested by Williamson & Roshko (1998) from their experiments on forced oscillation of a cylinder. Williamson & Govardhan (2004) demonstrated, via a compilation of results from the literature for various studies, that hysteresis at the low-velocity end of the synchronization region may exist even in the laminar vortex shedding range. Singh & Mittal (2005) confirmed this via their numerical simulations....
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...For a comprehensive review of the research on various aspects of vortex-induced vibrations, the reader is referred to the review articles by Williamson & Govardhan (2004), Sarpkaya (1979, 2004) and Bearman (1984). It is known from the pioneering works of Feng (1968) and Bishop & Hassan (1964) that the lock-in phenomenon is accompanied by jumps in transverse vibration amplitude (A/D) and fluid forces on the body. In addition, the phase difference between the cylinder displacement and fluid forces also shows a sharp change. The exact point of the jump shows hysteresis and depends on whether the point is on the decreasing- or increasing-velocity curve. Khalak & Williamson (1999) conducted experiments involving transverse oscillations of an elastically mounted rigid cylinder at very low mass–damping, m∗ζ (5000 Re 16000). They showed that, depending on the value of the combined mass–damping parameter the response of the cylinder can be one of two types. For low m∗ζ the response consists of three branches: initial excitation, upper and lower. The transition between the initial and upper branches involves hysteresis. Intermittent switching of flow modes is observed for the transition between the upper and lower branches. Using flow visualization they have shown that the initial branch is associated with the 2S mode of vortex shedding (classical Kármán street with a single vortex released from each side of the cylinder in one cycle of shedding). The 2P mode of shedding (a vortex pair is released from each side of the cylinder during a cycle of shedding) is observed on the lower branch. Hysteresis with respect to transition between initial and upper branches is observed for a range of reduced velocities (U ∗ = 4.45 − 4.70). The reduced velocity is defined as U ∗ = U/f D, where, U is the free-stream speed, D the diameter of the cylinder, and f the vibrating frequency of the cylinder. For high m∗ζ only two response branches are seen. This is often referred to as the classical Feng-type response. Brika & Laneville (1993) in their experimental investigation of VIV of a long flexible circular cylinder with low damping ratio observed hysteresis in the transverse displacement of the cylinder with variation of flow velocity (3400 Re 11800)....
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944 citations
"Vortex-induced vibrations of a circ..." refers background or methods or result in this paper
...A similar behaviour was reported by Khalak & Williamson (1999) in their experiments for higher Re for the transition from the upper to lower branch....
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...It has been pointed out in the literature (Khalak & Williamson 1999 and Williamson & Govardhan 2004) that synchronization/lock-in is defined as the state when the frequency of the periodic wake vortex mode matches the cylinder oscillation frequency....
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...But a lower m∗ was found to show a similar behaviour of φ as observed in Khalak & Williamson(1999), i.e. a sudden jump in φ from almost 0◦ to 180◦ was observed....
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...It has also been pointed out by Khalak & Williamson (1999) that, for low m∗, synchronization is characterized by the matching of the vortex-shedding and cylinder vibration frequencies....
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...Khalak & Williamson (1999) conducted experiments involving transverse oscillations of an elastically mounted rigid cylinder at very low mass–damping, m∗ζ (5000 Re 16000)....
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