Walking in on people in parks: Demonstrating the orderliness of interactional discomfort in urban territorial negotiations
TL;DR: The authors make the case for the situated orderliness of social discomfort as a cultural resource for social actors in mundane public interaction, by describing instances in which Urban Park Rangers "walk in on" incumbent interlopers partaking in expectedly private activities in public park space.
About: This article is published in Emotion, Space and Society.The article was published on 2020-02-01. It has received 4 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Public space & Orderliness.
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01 Jan 1957
TL;DR: Documentation created as part of the Perceptual Form of the City, a research project investigating the individual’s perception of the urban landscape, reviews techniques used, general critique and future proposals.
Abstract: Documentation created as part of the Perceptual Form of the City, a research project investigating the individual’s perception of the urban landscape. Includes a review of techniques used, general critique and future proposals.
421 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors make the case that conviviality and its limits are realised in practices, rather than starting in set piece urban spaces designed to foster convivianity, and start out on the move, with frontline street-based care and outreach workers in Cardiff, Wales, and Manhattan, New York City, as they seek out and meet up with those sleeping on city streets.
Abstract: This article engages with the “convivial turn” in writings about the city and offers a reorientation of sorts. Beginning with encounters, rather than particular spaces, we make the case that conviviality and its limits are realised in practices. Rather than starting in set piece urban spaces designed to foster conviviality we start out on the move, with frontline street-based care and outreach workers in Cardiff, Wales, and Manhattan, New York City, as they seek out and meet up with those sleeping on city streets. This provides a view of an improvised conviviality that makes the most of whatever the material affordances of a given city space happen to provide. Our research points to how these encounters necessarily take place in marginal settings and times due to the sorts of exclusions that can be built into contemporary city spaces that can at the same time be welcoming to the public, but hostile toward those most in need and vulnerably located in the centre of things. In this sense, we approach conviviality as a fragile interactional accomplishment and, in doing so, see questions of conviviality and conflict as less of a big-picture paradox of togetherness and distance, hope and hate in urban life, and more of a dynamic relation of co-presence and visibility. Public space, and indeed public life, might then be reconsidered not as a location but, rather, an active, shifting accomplishment, variously coloured by the politics of seeing and being seen.
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider how observation can be used as a research method for gathering data to be used in urban analysis, and examine some of the key steps to be followed when collecting data using observation, referring to Australian and international case examples.
Abstract: Observation can help us better understand urban spaces, places and place-making. This chapter considers how observation can be used as a research method for gathering data to be used in urban analysis. Observation is more than just the act of looking. Observation requires careful and considered assessment of what is happening. The observer does not merely record information—they are also interpreting and analysing what they observe—albeit sometimes subconsciously. Observation can be divided into two main types—structured and naturalistic observation. We examine some of the key steps to be followed when collecting data using observation, referring to Australian and international case examples. There are advantages and disadvantages of observation compared to other methods and we consider some of these, including time, resources and data reliability. We also consider some important ethical issues related to various forms of observation, including deception and criminal activities. The chapter concludes with some thoughts about non-visual observation (e.g., soundscapes) and provides suggestions about how observation might evolve in the future as augmented reality, artificial intelligence and the ‘internet of things’ extend and expand the power of observation. Finally, some ‘take home’ messages are offered.
01 Nov 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the types of information and navigation systems, the analysis of their interaction with the architectural landscape, the criteria for developing optimal placement options, and the main trends and patterns of the use of navigation systems in historical parks are identified.
Abstract: The paper discusses the types of information and navigation systems, the analysis of their interaction with the architectural landscape, the criteria for developing optimal placement options. Relevance of the work is caused by the need of ensuring the availability of the environment for various visitors, to expand tourist routes. Study objective: to identify the main trends and patterns of the use of navigation systems in historical parks. Methods: archive-bibliographic, cartographic, field studies, analytical. Results: world and domestic examples of park navigation systems are analyzed, typology is performed.
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1959
TL;DR: For instance, in the case of an individual in the presence of others, it can be seen as a form of involuntary expressive behavior as discussed by the authors, where the individual will have to act so that he intentionally or unintentionally expresses himself, and the others will in turn have to be impressed in some way by him.
Abstract: hen an individual enters the presence of oth ers, they commonly seek to acquire information about him or to bring into play information about him already possessed. They will be interested in his general socio-economic status, his concep tion of self, his attitude toward them, his compe tence, his trustworthiness, etc. Although some of this information seems to be sought almost as an end in itself, there are usually quite practical reasons for acquiring it. Information about the individual helps to define the situation, enabling others to know in advance what he will expect of them and what they may expect of him. Informed in these ways, the others will know how best to act in order to call forth a desired response from him. For those present, many sources of information become accessible and many carriers (or “signvehicles”) become available for conveying this information. If unacquainted with the individual, observers can glean clues from his conduct and appearance which allow them to apply their previ ous experience with individuals roughly similar to the one before them or, more important, to apply untested stereotypes to him. They can also assume from past experience that only individuals of a par ticular kind are likely to be found in a given social setting. They can rely on what the individual says about himself or on documentary evidence he provides as to who and what he is. If they know, or know of, the individual by virtue of experience prior to the interaction, they can rely on assumptions as to the persistence and generality of psychological traits as a means of predicting his present and future behavior. However, during the period in which the indi vidual is in the immediate presence of the others, few events may occur which directly provide the others with the conclusive information they will need if they are to direct wisely their own activity . Many crucial facts lie beyond the time and place of interaction or lie concealed within it. For example, the “true” or “real” attitudes, beliefs, and emotions of the individual can be ascertained only indirectly , through his avowals or through what appears to be involuntary expressive behavior. Similarly , if the individual offers the others a product or service, they will often find that during the interaction there will be no time and place immediately available for eating the pudding that the proof can be found in. They will be forced to accept some events as con ventional or natural signs of something not directly available to the senses. In Ichheiser ’s terms, 1 the individual will have to act so that he intentionally or unintentionally expresses himself, and the others will in turn have to be impressed in some way by him.…
33,615 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In Frame Analysis, the brilliant theorist wrote about the ways in which people determine their answers to the questions What is going on here? and Under what circumstances do we think things are real?.
Abstract: Erving Goffman will influence the thinking and perceptions of generations to come In Frame Analysis, the brilliant theorist writes about the ways in which people determine their answers to the questions What is going on here? and Under what circumstances do we think things are real? "
11,533 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: This work focuses on Ethnomethodology, which investigates the role of sex status in the lives of the Intersexed Person and some of the rules of Correct Decisions that Jurors Respect.
Abstract: 1. What is Ethnomethodology?. 2. Studies of the Routine Grounds of Everyday Activities. 3. Common Sense Knowledge of Social Structures: The Documentary Method of Interpretation in Lay and Professional Fact Finding. 4. Some Rules of Correct Decisions that Jurors Respect. 5. Passing and the Managed Achievement of Sex Status in the Intersexed Person. 6. "Good Organizational Reasons for a Bada Clinic Records". 7. Methodological Adequacy in the Quantitative Study of Selection Criteria and Selection Practices in Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics. 8. The Rational Properties of Scientific and Common Sense Activities. Appendix.
11,533 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a very different view of the arts of practice in a very diverse culture, focusing on the use of ordinary language and making do in the art of practice.
Abstract: Preface General Introduction PART I: A VERY ORDINARY CULTURE I. A Common Place: Ordinary Language II. Popular Cultures: Ordinary Language III. Making Do: Uses and Tactics PART II: THEORIES OF THE ART OF PRACTICE IV. Foucault and Bourdieu V. The Arts of Theory VI. Story Time PART III: SPATIAL PRACTICES VII. Walking in the City VIII. Railway Navigation and Incarceration IX. Spatial Stories PART IV: Uses of Language X. The Scriptural Economy XI. Quotations of Voices XII. Reading as Poaching PART V: WAYS OF BELIEVING XIII. Believing and Making People Believe XIV. The Unnamable Indeterminate Notes
10,978 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The critical role of street-level bureaucrats as policy makers is discussed in this article, where the problem of resources, goals and performance measures, relations with clients, advocacy and alienation in streetlevel work are discussed.
Abstract: The critical role of street-level bureaucrats -- Street-level bureaucrats as policy makers -- The problem of resources -- Goals and performance measures -- Relations with clients -- Advocacy and alienation in street-level work -- Rationing services : limitation of access and demand -- Rationing services : inequality in administration -- Controlling clients and the work situation -- The client-processing mentality -- The assault on human services : bureaucratic control, accountability, and the fiscal crisis -- The broader context of bureaucratic relations -- Support for human services : notes for reform and reconstruction -- On managing street-level bureaucracy.
2,751 citations