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Water-stress induced physiological changes in leaves of four container-grown grapevine cultivars ( Vitis vinifera L.)

TL;DR: Dry matter production was linearly related to stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and the night respiration to photosynthesis ratio for all vines pooled together, in contrast, under stress conditions drymatter production was not related to any physiological parameter.
Abstract: Predawn leaf water potential, night respiration, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis of 4 grapevine cultivars were assessed under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in July, August and September 1994. Predawn leaf water potential was not significantly related to either stomatal conductance or photosynthesis. Water stress induced distinct stomatal closure in all cultivars at 11 a.m. For a given stomatal conductance rate, photosynthesis of stressed vines was lower than that of nonstressed vines. At similar stomatal conductance rate, photosynthesis was lower in cv. Chardonnay than in any other cultivar. Photosynthesis was the physiological parameter mostly affected by water stress. Dry matter production was linearly related to stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and the night respiration to photosynthesis ratio for all vines pooled together. In contrast, under stress conditions dry matter production was not related to any physiological parameter.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Features observed in different organs show that grapevine fits well as a complex model plant for molecular and physiological studies on plant drought avoidance/tolerance.
Abstract: This review deals with grapevine responses to water stress by examining perturbations to physiological and molecular processes at the root, shoot, leaf and berry levels. Long-distance signalling among organs is also considered. Isohydric or anisohydric Vitis genotypes are described in relation to their response to drought, which is linked to stomatal behaviour. Stomatal regulation of grapevine under abscisic acid and hydraulic control (the latter being linked to embolism formation and recovery in water pathways upstream the stomata) is reviewed and linked to impairments of photosynthetic assimilation. We define three stages of photosynthesis regulation in grapevines that are subjected to progressive water stress on the basis of the main causes of assimilation decline. Early and late contributions of aquaporins, which play a fundamental role in water stress control, are discussed. Metabolic mechanisms of dehydration tolerance are rewieved, and variation linked to differences in transcript abundance of genes involved in osmoregulation, photosynthesis, photorespiration, detoxification of free radicals and coping with photoinhibition. Results of these defence strategies accumulated in berries are reviewed, together with perturbations of their molecular pathways. Features observed in different organs show that grapevine fits well as a complex model plant for molecular and physiological studies on plant drought avoidance/tolerance.

319 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of advances in grapevine water use efficiency related to changes in agronomical practices and genetic improvements is presented, focusing on increasing green water use by increasing soil water storage capacity, reducing direct soil water loss or limiting early transpiration losses.
Abstract: Water is critical for viticulture sustainability since grape production, quality and economic viability are largely dependent on water availability. The total water consumption of vineyards, 300 to 700 mm, is generally higher than the annual average precipitation in many viticultural areas, which induces a risk for sustainability of vineyards. Improving vineyard water use efficiency (WUE) is therefore crucial for a sustainable viticulture industry in semi-arid regions. Increased sustainability of water resources for vineyards can be achieved using both agronomical technology and cultivar selection. Here, we review advances in grapevine water use efficiency related to changes in agronomical practices and genetic improvements. Agronomical practices focus on increasing green water use by increasing soil water storage capacity, reducing direct soil water loss, or limiting early transpiration losses. Cover crops for semi-arid areas show a favorable effect, but careful management is needed to avoid excessive water consumption by the cover crop. Canopy management practices to reduce excessive water use are also analyzed. This is a genetic based review focused on identifying cultivars with higher WUE.

205 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...…al. 2000 Carignane 0.1–0.2 36 0.4 42.8 Chaves et al. 2007; Rodrigues et al. 2008; Souza et al. 2005 Castelao 0.25–0.26 60–81.8 0.78–0.8 50–80 Bota et al. 2001; Gómez-del-Campo et al. 2002, 2004, 2007; Flexas et al. 1999; Pou et al. 2012; Rogiers et al. 2009 Chardonnay 0.063–0.34 26.4–76 0.28–0.4…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors elaborate on some key issues in environmental stress physiology such as efficient water use to illustrate some of the challenges, current limitations and future possibilities of certain experimental techniques and/or data interpretations.
Abstract: The rapidly increasing world population and the scarcity of suitable land for agricultural food production together with a changing climate will ultimately put pressure on grape-producing areas for the use of land and the input of resources. For most grape-producing areas, the predicted developments in climate will be identical to becoming more marginal for quality production and/or to be forced to improve resource management. This will have a pronounced impact on grapevine physiology, biochemistry and ultimately production methods. Research in the entire area of stress physiology, from the gene to the whole plant and vineyard level (including soils) will need to be expanded to aid in the mitigation of arising problems. In this review, we elaborate on some key issues in environmental stress physiology such as efficient water use to illustrate some of the challenges, current limitations and future possibilities of certain experimental techniques and/or data interpretations. Key regulatory mechanisms in the control of stomatal conductance are treated in some detail and several future research directions are outlined. Diverse physiological aspects such as the functional role of aquaporins, the importance of mesophyll conductance in leaf physiology, night-time water use and respiration under environmental constraints are discussed. New developments for improved resource management (mainly water) such as the use of remote sensing and thermal imagery technologies are also reviewed. Specific cases where our experimental systems are limited or where research has been largely discontinued (i.e. stomatal patchiness) are treated and some promising new developments, such as the use of coupled structural functional models to assess for environmental stress effects on a whole-plant or canopy level are outlined. Finally, the status quo and research challenges around the ‘CO2-problem’ are presented, an area which is highly significant for the study of ‘the future’ of the grape and wine industry, but where substantial financial commitment is needed.

181 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Canopy structure and plant respiration are described as the most important components involved in whole-plant WUE regulation, and proposed as potential targets for its improvement.

105 citations


Cites background from "Water-stress induced physiological ..."

  • ...In general, a genetic variability of Rd in leaves and roots has been observed (Escalona et al., 2012; Gómez-del-Campo et al., 2004), although some studies did not find cultivar effects on leaf Rd (Escalona et al....

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  • ...Most respiration studies are focused at the ‘single organ level’ either leaf (Escalona et al., 1999, 2003; Gómez-del-Campo et al., 2004; Zufferey et al., 2000) or root respiration (Comas et al....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2019-Agronomy
TL;DR: Observations indicate that application of nano-silicon dioxide can limit the adverse anatomical and biochemical changes related to salt stress impacts on strawberry plants and that this is, in part, associated with epicuticular wax deposition.
Abstract: Silicon application can improve productivity outcomes for salt stressed plants. Here, we describe how strawberry plants respond to treatments including various combinations of salt stress and nano-silicon dioxide, and assess whether nano-silicon dioxide improves strawberry plant tolerance to salt stress. Strawberry plants were treated with salt (0, 25 or 50 mM NaCl), and the nano-silicon dioxide treatments were applied to the strawberry plants before (0, 50 and 100 mg L−1) or after (0 and 50 mg L−1) flowering. The salt stress treatments reduced plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and leaf relative water content (RWC) as expected. Relative to control (no NaCl) plants the salt treated plants had 10% lower membrane stability index (MSI), 81% greater proline content, and 54% greater cuticular transpiration; as well as increased canopy temperature and changes in the structure of the epicuticular wax layer. The plants treated with nano-silicon dioxide were better able to maintain epicuticular wax structure, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content and accumulated less proline relative to plants treated only with salt and no nano-silicon dioxide. Analysis of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images revealed that the salt treatments resulted in changes in epicuticular wax type and thickness, and that the application of nano-silicon dioxide suppressed the adverse effects of salinity on the epicuticular wax layer. Nano-silicon dioxide treated salt stressed plants had increased irregular (smoother) crystal wax deposits in their epicuticular layer. Together these observations indicate that application of nano-silicon dioxide can limit the adverse anatomical and biochemical changes related to salt stress impacts on strawberry plants and that this is, in part, associated with epicuticular wax deposition.

99 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of turgor and sensitivity to stress, as well as growth adjustments during and after stress, are studied.
Abstract: OBSERVED RESPONSES TO WATER STRESS....... . . • . • • . . • . . . . • • . • • • • . . . . . • • • • • • • 523 Transpiration and Stomata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523 Transpiration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 Leaf temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 524 "Wall" resistance to transpiration.. . . ....... ......... .... . ...... 524 Sensitivity of stomata to stress. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 525 Mechanisms of stomatal response..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 526 Aftereffect on stomata . . . . " . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 528 CO, Assimilation in Light.. . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . ... 528 At the leaf level. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... 528 At the subcellular level. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 532 Lichens, bryophytes, and ferns. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 533 Respiration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 534 Cell Growth and Cell Wal/ Synthesis..... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 535 Role of turgor and sensitivity to stress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 535 Growth adjustments during and after stress.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 537 Root growth and soil mechanical impedance.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 539 Cel/ wall synthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 540 Cel/ Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 540 Hormones and Ethylene.. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .... . ... .... .. . ..... .... ... 541 Cytokinin activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542 Abscissic acid. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542 Ethylene and abscission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 543 Nitrogen Metabolism...... ........ .. ... . ... . .. .. .... . . .. ..... . . .. 544 Protein synthesis in vegetative tissue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 544 Protein synthesis in seeds and mosses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 Nucleic acids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 547 Proline and other amino acids.... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 548 Nitrogen fixation. . . . .. . .. .. . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . .. .. . . .. 548 Enzyme Levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 548

2,923 citations

MonographDOI
01 Dec 2013
TL;DR: A quantitative approach to plant-environment interactions is presented in this paper, where a quantitative approach is used to quantify the plant's environment interactions, including radiation, heat, mass and momentum transfer, energy balance and evaporation.
Abstract: Frontispiece Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition Main symbols and abbreviations 1. A quantitative approach to plant-environment interactions 2. Radiation 3. Heat, mass and momentum transfer 4. Plant-water relations 5. Energy balance and evaporation 6. Stomata 7. Photosynthesis and respiration 8. Light and plant development 9. Temperature 10. Drought and drought tolerance 11. Wind, altitude, carbon dioxide and atmospheric pollutants 12. Physiology and yield improvement Appendices References Index.

2,052 citations


"Water-stress induced physiological ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Most higher plants have mechanisms to avoid or to endure water stress, and they have also developed mechanisms to increase their water use efficiency (JONES 1983)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This issue specifically sets out to place molecular and physiological processes and their agronomic applications in an environmental context, and considers the consideration of water deficits.

1,075 citations


"Water-stress induced physiological ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...viously observed by LAKSO (1985) and DÜRING (1987, 1990)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A study with six Mediterranean shrubs revealed that, in spite of some marked interspecific differences, all followed the same pattern of dependence of photosynthetic processes on stomatal conductance, and this pattern was quite similar to that of grapevines.

860 citations


"Water-stress induced physiological ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Moreover non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis seems to be related to decayed electron transport rates and reduced Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate regeneration (MEDRANO et al. 2003)....

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  • ...Significant ψPD differences between cultivars under non-irrigated conditions have been observed by BOTA et al. (2001), MEDRANO et al. (2003), but not by SPRING (1997)....

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Book
01 Jan 1968

749 citations