Water waves, nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their solutions
01 Jul 1983-The Journal of The Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics (Cambridge University Press)-Vol. 25, Iss: 01, pp 16-43
TL;DR: In this article, a number of ases in which these equations reduce to a one dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation are enumerated, and several analytical solutions of NLS equations are presented, with discussion of their implications for describing the propagation of water waves.
Abstract: Equations governing modulations of weakly nonlinear water waves are described. The modulations are coupled with wave-induced mean flows except in the case of water deeper than the modulation length scale. Equations suitable for water depths of the order the modulation length scale are deduced from those derived by Davey and Stewartson [5] and Dysthe [6]. A number of ases in which these equations reduce to a one dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation are enumerated.Several analytical solutions of NLS equations are presented, with discussion of some of their implications for describing the propagation of water waves. Some of the solutions have not been presented in detail, or in convenient form before. One is new, a “rational” solution describing an “amplitude peak” which is isolated in space-time. Ma's [13] soli ton is particularly relevant to the recurrence of uniform wave trains in the experiment of Lake et al.[10].In further discussion it is pointed out that although water waves are unstable to three-dimensional disturbances, an effective description of weakly nonlinear two-dimensional waves would be a useful step towards describing ocean wave propagation.
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TL;DR: The Peregrine soliton was observed experimentally for the first time by using femtosecond pulses in an optical fiber as mentioned in this paper, which gave some insight into freak waves that can appear out of nowhere before simply disappearing.
Abstract: The Peregrine soliton — a wave localized in both space and time — is now observed experimentally for the first time by using femtosecond pulses in an optical fibre. The results give some insight into freak waves that can appear out of nowhere before simply disappearing.
1,158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchy of rational solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) with increasing order and with progressively increasing amplitude is presented. And the authors apply the WANDT title to two objects: rogue waves in the ocean and rational solution of the NLSE.
1,036 citations
TL;DR: A review of physical mechanisms of the rogue wave phenomenon is given in this article, where the authors demonstrate that freak waves may appear in deep and shallow waters and demonstrate that these mechanisms remain valid but should be modified.
Abstract: A review of physical mechanisms of the rogue wave phenomenon is given. The data of marine observations as well as laboratory experiments are briefly discussed. They demonstrate that freak waves may appear in deep and shallow waters. Simple statistical analysis of the rogue wave probability based on the assumption of a Gaussian wave field is reproduced. In the context of water wave theories the probabilistic approach shows that numerical simulations of freak waves should be made for very long times on large spatial domains and large number of realizations. As linear models of freak waves the following mechanisms are considered: dispersion enhancement of transient wave groups, geometrical focusing in basins of variable depth, and wave-current interaction. Taking into account nonlinearity of the water waves, these mechanisms remain valid but should be modified. Also, the influence of the nonlinear modulational instability (Benjamin–Feir instability) on the rogue wave occurence is discussed. Specific numerical simulations were performed in the framework of classical nonlinear evolution equations: the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, the Davey–Stewartson system, the Korteweg–de Vries equation, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, the Zakharov equation, and the fully nonlinear potential equations. Their results show the main features of the physical mechanisms of rogue wave phenomenon.
962 citations
TL;DR: This work presents the first experimental results with observations of the Peregrine soliton in a water wave tank, and proposes a new approach to modeling deep water waves using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Abstract: The conventional definition of rogue waves in the ocean is that their heights, from crest to trough, are more than about twice the significant wave height, which is the average wave height of the largest one-third of nearby waves. When modeling deep water waves using the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, the most likely candidate satisfying this criterion is the so-called Peregrine solution. It is localized in both space and time, thus describing a unique wave event. Until now, experiments specifically designed for observation of breather states in the evolution of deep water waves have never been made in this double limit. In the present work, we present the first experimental results with observations of the Peregrine soliton in a water wave tank.
950 citations
TL;DR: The concept of parity-time symmetric systems is rooted in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics where complex potentials obeying this symmetry could exhibit real spectra as discussed by the authors, which has applications in many fields of physics, e.g., in optics, metamaterials, acoustics, Bose-Einstein condensation, electronic circuitry, etc.
Abstract: The concept of parity-time symmetric systems is rooted in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics where complex potentials obeying this symmetry could exhibit real spectra. The concept has applications in many fields of physics, e.g., in optics, metamaterials, acoustics, Bose-Einstein condensation, electronic circuitry, etc. The inclusion of nonlinearity has led to a number of new phenomena for which no counterparts exist in traditional dissipative systems. Several examples of nonlinear parity-time symmetric systems in different physical disciplines are presented and their implications discussed.
938 citations
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Book•
01 Dec 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed the theory of the inverse scattering transform (IST) for ocean wave evolution, which can be solved exactly by the soliton solution of the Korteweg-deVries equation.
Abstract: : Under appropriate conditions, ocean waves may be modeled by certain nonlinear evolution equations that admit soliton solutions and can be solved exactly by the inverse scattering transform (IST). The theory of these special equations is developed in five lectures. As physical models, these equations typically govern the evolution of narrow-band packets of small amplitude waves on a long (post-linear) time scale. This is demonstrated in Lecture I, using the Korteweg-deVries equation as an example. Lectures II and III develop the theory of IST on the infinite interval. The close connection of aspects of this theory to Fourier analysis, to canonical transformations of Hamiltonian systems, and to the theory of analytic functions is established. Typical solutions, including solitons and radiation, are discussed as well. With periodic boundary conditions, the Korteweg-deVries equation exhibits recurrence, as discussed in Lecture IV. The fifth lecture emphasizes the deep connection between evolution equations solvable by IST and Painleve transcendents, with an application to the Lorenz model.
3,415 citations
Journal Article•
2,856 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the method of multiple scales to derive the two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations which describe the evolution of a three-dimensional wavepacket of wavenumber k on water of finite depth.
Abstract: In this note we use the method of multiple scales to derive the two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations which describe the evolution of a three-dimensional wave-packet of wavenumber k on water of finite depth. The equations are used to study the stability of the uniform Stokes wavetrain to small disturbances whose length scale is large compared with 2π/ k . The stability criterion obtained is identical with that derived by Hayes under the more restrictive requirement that the disturbances are oblique plane waves in which the amplitude variation is much smaller than the phase variation.
1,021 citations
682 citations