Watermark detection using dynamic stochastic resonance
01 Oct 2013-Fluctuation and Noise Letters (World Scientific Publishing Company)-Vol. 12, Iss: 03, pp 1350010
TL;DR: A dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR) based watermark detection technique in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain is presented and DSR-based technique is found to give better detection performance when compared with the suprathreshold stochastics resonance-based detection technique.
Abstract: In this paper, a dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR) based watermark detection technique in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain is presented. Pseudo random bit sequence having certain seed value is considered as a watermark. Watermark embedding is done by embedding random bits in spread-spectrum fashion to the significant DWT coefficients. Watermark detection is quantitatively characterized by the value of correlation. The performance of watermark detection is improved by DSR which is an iterative process that utilizes the internal noise present in the image or external noise which is added during attacks. Even under various noise attacks, geometrical distortions, image enhancement and compression attacks, the DSR-based random bits detection is observed to give noteworthy improvement over existing watermark detection techniques. DSR-based technique is also found to give better detection performance when compared with the suprathreshold stochastic resonance-based detection technique.
Citations
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TL;DR: A novel dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR)-based technique for robust extraction of a grayscale logo from a tampered watermarked image and suggests that remarkable improvement of robustness is achieved by using DSR on singular values of DCT.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR)-based technique for robust extraction of a grayscale logo from a tampered watermarked image. The watermark embedding is done on the singular values (SV) of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of the cover image. DSR is then strategically applied during the logo extraction process where the SV of DCT coefficients are tuned following a double-well potential model by utilizing the noise introduced during attacks. The resilience of this technique has been tested in the presence of various noises, geometrical distortions, enhancement, compression, filtering and watermarking attacks. The proposed DSR-based technique for logo extraction gives noteworthy robustness without any significant trade-off in perceptual transparency of the watermarked image. A maximization approach has been adopted for the selection of bistable double-well parameters to establish noise-enhanced resonance. When compared with existing watermark extraction techniques based in SVD, DCT, SVD-DCT domains, as well as with their combination with DSR, the results suggest that remarkable improvement of robustness is achieved by using DSR on singular values of DCT.
15 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that for a weak signal buried in the heavy-tailed noise, the bistable system can outperform the matched filter, yielding a higher output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a lower probability of error.
Abstract: In this paper, we report that for a weak signal buried in the heavy-tailed noise, the bistable system can outperform the matched filter, yielding a higher output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a lower probability of error. Moreover, by adding mutually independent internal noise components to an array of bistable systems, the output SNR or the probability of error can be further improved via the mechanism of stochastic resonance (SR). These comparison results demonstrate the potential capability of bistable systems for detecting weak signals in non-Gaussian noise environments.
5 citations
Cites background from "Watermark detection using dynamic s..."
...Thus, more appropriate measures of SR are widely discussed in various signal processing problems, such as detection [10–15], estimation [16, 17], and quantization [9, 18]....
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03 May 2019
TL;DR: Main advantage of proposed method is, it overcomes the blocking artefacts introduced during the DCT based compression.
Abstract: In this paper, a dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR)-based blocking artifacts removal of compressed images in DCT domain has been presented. Blockiness in DCT based compressed images after reconstruction is very challenging problem. In the proposed technique it has been observed that blockiness is coming due to few DCT coefficient of first row of each block, so we focused only on target coefficient and modified them with weighted average of neighboring block coefficients. Dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR) has been used to improve the performance of blocking artifacts reduction methods by utilizing the noise or degradation introduced during quantization process. DSR is an iterative process that tunes the quantized coefficients so that effect of quantization process is suppressed and image information is enhanced. An adaptive optimization procedure has been adopted for selection of bistable parameters to achieve better results and ensure minimum computational complexity. Main advantage of proposed method is, it overcomes the blocking artefacts introduced during the DCT based compression. The qualitative and quantitative results are shown in Fig. 1, Tables 1 and 2. Keywords-Dynamic Stochastic Resonance (DSR); Dicrete cosine transform (DCT); Stochastic Resonance (SR)
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report the first reporting of the exhibition of Stochastic Resonance (SR) or noise-induced threshold-crossing in three discontinuity detectors used in image processing.
Abstract: The use of smartphone cameras for capturing photographs has seen an exponential growth in the last decade. The noise present in these photographs significantly deviates from the popular Independently Identically Distributed (i.i.d.) Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) noise, and thus the conclusions drawn from simulated-AWGN cannot be directly applied to the smartphone’s true noise. This paper is the first reporting of the exhibition of Stochastic Resonance (SR) or noise-induced threshold-crossing in three genres of discontinuity detectors used in image processing — corner detector, line detector, and edge detector for real-world smartphone images. For the images under investigation, the performance of these detectors is quantified w.r.t. parameters representing intrinsic noise. Observations suggest that all these detectors inherently exhibit the phenomenon of SR due to the fundamental assistance offered by controlled amount of noise in crossing detector thresholds. The manifestations of SR — constant parameter value with varying noise and varying parameter value with constant noise — are demonstrated to exhibit SR in each of the three detectors.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: It is argued that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations and common geometric transformations provided that the original image is available and that it can be successfully registered against the transformed watermarked image.
Abstract: This paper presents a secure (tamper-resistant) algorithm for watermarking images, and a methodology for digital watermarking that may be generalized to audio, video, and multimedia data. We advocate that a watermark should be constructed as an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian random vector that is imperceptibly inserted in a spread-spectrum-like fashion into the perceptually most significant spectral components of the data. We argue that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations (such as lossy compression, filtering, digital-analog and analog-digital conversion, requantization, etc.), and common geometric transformations (such as cropping, scaling, translation, and rotation) provided that the original image is available and that it can be successfully registered against the transformed watermarked image. In these cases, the watermark detector unambiguously identifies the owner. Further, the use of Gaussian noise, ensures strong resilience to multiple-document, or collusional, attacks. Experimental results are provided to support these claims, along with an exposition of pending open problems.
6,194 citations
"Watermark detection using dynamic s..." refers background in this paper
...Some of them are based on embedding Gaussian pseudo random noise as a watermark [11,13,18,19]....
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...[19] considered an independent and identically distributed (IID) Gaussian random number as a watermark, which is inserted in a spread spectrum-like fashion into the perceptually most significant spectral components of the host image....
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Book•
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01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical approach based on linear response theory (LRT) is described, and two new forms of stochastic resonance, predicted on the basis of LRT and subsequently observed in analogue electronic experiments, are described.
Abstract: Stochastic resonance (SR) - a counter-intuitive phenomenon in which the signal due to a weak periodic force in a nonlinear system can be {\it enhanced} by the addition of external noise - is reviewed A theoretical approach based on linear response theory (LRT) is described It is pointed out that, although the LRT theory of SR is by definition restricted to the small signal limit, it possesses substantial advantages in terms of simplicity, generality and predictive power The application of LRT to overdamped motion in a bistable potential, the most commonly studied form of SR, is outlined Two new forms of SR, predicted on the basis of LRT and subsequently observed in analogue electronic experiments, are described
2,403 citations
TL;DR: A new approach to mask the watermark according to the characteristics of the human visual system (HVS) is presented, which is accomplished pixel by pixel by taking into account the texture and the luminance content of all the image subbands.
Abstract: A watermarking algorithm operating in the wavelet domain is presented. Performance improvement with respect to existing algorithms is obtained by means of a new approach to mask the watermark according to the characteristics of the human visual system (HVS). In contrast to conventional methods operating in the wavelet domain, masking is accomplished pixel by pixel by taking into account the texture and the luminance content of all the image subbands. The watermark consists of a pseudorandom sequence which is adaptively added to the largest detail bands. As usual, the watermark is detected by computing the correlation between the watermarked coefficients and the watermarking code, and the detection threshold is chosen in such a way that the knowledge of the watermark energy used in the embedding phase is not needed, thus permitting one to adapt it to the image at hand. Experimental results and comparisons with other techniques operating in the wavelet domain prove the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
949 citations
"Watermark detection using dynamic s..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Several research works on digital image watermarking have been investigated by scientists [11–17]....
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...[14] et al....
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...When compared with existing watermark detection techniques [11, 14, 15, 21, 25], the application of DSR in the detection process is observed to remarkably enhance the hidden data or we can say that tune the watermarked DWT coefficients and hence detection of watermark is very accurate....
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...The correlation values of different methods [11,14,15,21,25] for Lena image as reported by Hien et al....
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12 May 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a multiresolution wavelet fusion technique is proposed for the digital watermarking of still images, which is robust to a variety of signal distortions and is not required for watermark extraction.
Abstract: We present a novel technique for the digital watermarking of still images based on the concept of multiresolution wavelet fusion. The algorithm is robust to a variety of signal distortions. The original unmarked image is not required for watermark extraction. We provide analysis to describe the behaviour of the method for varying system parameter values. We compare our approach with another transform domain watermarking method. Simulation results show the superior performance of the technique and demonstrate its potential for the robust watermarking of photographic imagery.
466 citations