Wave energy in Europe: current status and perspectives

doi:10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00009-6

Home
/
Papers
/
Wave energy in Europe: current status and perspectives

Journal Article•DOI•

Wave energy in Europe: current status and perspectives

Alain Clément¹, Pat McCullen, António F.O. Falcão², Antonio Fiorentino, Fred Gardner, Karin Hammarlund, George Lemonis³, Tony Lewis⁴, Kim Nielsen, Simona Petroncini⁵, M.-Teresa Pontes, Phillippe Schild, Bengt-Olov Sjöström⁶, Hans Christian Sørensen, Tom Thorpe - Show less +11 more•Institutions (6)

École centrale de Nantes¹, Instituto Superior Técnico², Marathon Oil³, University College Cork⁴, University of Edinburgh⁵, Chalmers University of Technology⁶

01 Oct 2002-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews (Pergamon)-Vol. 6, Iss: 5, pp 405-431

TL;DR: In this paper, the progress in wave energy conversion in Europe during the past ten years is reviewed and current activities and initiatives in the wave energy sector at National and Union level are described.

read less

Abstract: The progress in wave energy conversion in Europe during the past ten years is reviewed and current activities and initiatives in the wave energy sector at National and Union level are described. Other important activities worldwide are summarized. The technical and econ

...read moreread less

Content maybe subject to copyright Report

Citations

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Wave energy utilization: A review of the technologies

[...]

António F.O. Falcão¹•Institutions (1)

Technical University of Lisbon¹

01 Apr 2010-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this article, the development of wave energy utilization since the 1970s is discussed, with a focus on the characterization of the wave energy resource; theoretical background, with especial relevance to hydrodynamics of wave absorption and control; how a large range of devices kept being proposed and studied, and how such devices can be organized into classes; the conception, design, model-testing, construction and deployment into real sea of prototypes.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Sea wave energy is being increasingly regarded in many countries as a major and promising resource. The paper deals with the development of wave energy utilization since the 1970s. Several topics are addressed: the characterization of the wave energy resource; theoretical background, with especial relevance to hydrodynamics of wave energy absorption and control; how a large range of devices kept being proposed and studied, and how such devices can be organized into classes; the conception, design, model-testing, construction and deployment into real sea of prototypes; and the development of specific equipment (air and water turbines, high-pressure hydraulics, linear electrical generators) and mooring systems.

...read moreread less

2,115 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy

[...]

G. K. Surya Prakash, George A. Olah, Alain Goeppert

11 Oct 2011

TL;DR: This book discusses the history and present uses of Methanol, the discovery and properties of Hydrogen, and the production and Uses ofhydrogen from Fossil Fuels, as well as the challenges and opportunities facing the industry.

...read moreread less

1,633 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A review of wave energy converter technology

[...]

B Drew¹, Andrew Plummer¹, M. N. Sahinkaya¹•Institutions (1)

University of Bath¹

01 Dec 2009

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of wave energy converter (WEC) technology is presented, focusing on work being undertaken within the United Kingdom, and some of the control strategies to enhance the efficiency of point absorber-type WECs.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Ocean waves are a huge, largely untapped energy resource, and the potential for extracting energy from waves is considerable. Research in this area is driven by the need to meet renewable energy targets, but is relatively immature compared to other renewable energy technologies. This review introduces the general status of wave energy and evaluates the device types that represent current wave energy converter (WEC) technology, particularly focusing on work being undertaken within the United Kingdom. The possible power take-off systems are identified, followed by a consideration of some of the control strategies to enhance the efficiency of point absorber-type WECs. There is a lack of convergence on the best method of extracting energy from the waves and, although previous innovation has generally focused on the concept and design of the primary interface, questions arise concerning how best to optimize the powertrain. This article concludes with some suggestions of future developments.

...read moreread less

992 citations

Book•DOI•

Global Energy Assessment: Toward a Sustainable Future

[...]

Global Energy Assessment Writing Team

01 Oct 2012

TL;DR: The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) as mentioned in this paper brings together over 300 international researchers to provide an independent, scientifically based, integrated and policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues and options.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) brings together over 300 international researchers to provide an independent, scientifically based, integrated and policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues and options. It has been peer-reviewed anonymously by an additional 200 international experts. The GEA assesses the major global challenges for sustainable development and their linkages to energy; the technologies and resources available for providing energy services; future energy systems that address the major challenges; and the policies and other measures that are needed to realize transformational change toward sustainable energy futures. The GEA goes beyond existing studies on energy issues by presenting a comprehensive and integrated analysis of energy chalenges, opportunities and strategies, for developing, industrialized and emerging economies. This volume is a invaluable resource for energy specialists and technologists in all sectors (academia, industry and government) as well as policymakers, development economists and practitioners in international organizations and national governments.

...read moreread less

812 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Review of wave energy technologies and the necessary power-equipment

[...]

I. López¹, Jon Andreu¹, Salvador Ceballos, Inigo Martinez de Alegria¹, Inigo Kortabarria¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

University of the Basque Country¹

01 Nov 2013-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this article, a complete analysis of the wave energy technology is presented, starting with the characterisation of this global resource in which the most suitable places to be exploited are showed, and the classification of the different types of wave energy converters in according to several features.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The wave energy is having more and more interest and support as a promising renewable resource to replace part of the energy supply, although it is still immature compared to other renewable technologies. This work presents a complete analysis of the wave energy technology, starting with the characterisation of this global resource in which the most suitable places to be exploited are showed, and the classification of the different types of wave energy converters in according to several features. It is also described in detail each of the stages that are part in the energy conversion, that is, from the capture of the energy from the waves to the extraction of a proper electrical signal to be injected to the grid. Likewise, existing offshore energy transmission alternatives and possible layouts are described.

...read moreread less

553 citations

1
2
3
4
…
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182

Collapse

References

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Book•

Ocean Wave Energy Conversion

[...]

Michael E. McCormick

01 Jan 1981

364 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Comparison of methods for computing hydrodynamic characteristics of arrays of wave power devices

[...]

Spyros A. Mavrakos¹, Philip McIver²•Institutions (2)

National Technical University of Athens¹, Loughborough University²

01 Oct 1997-Applied Ocean Research

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of methods for the calculation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of arrays of wave power devices is presented, in particular, the plane-wave approximation and an exact multiple scattering formulation have been used to compute exciting wave forces, hydrodynam coefficients and q factors for arrays of interacting wave powers devices.

...read moreread less

114 citations

"Wave energy in Europe: current stat..." refers background in this paper

...In spite of these limitations, R&D work has taken place in Universities, research centres and private companies....
[...]
...One is the Marine Energy Technology Network that will be a virtual network incorporating Universities and companies, consultants etc....
[...]
...In other countries such as Indonesia, Iran, Korea, Mexico and Russia, basic R&D on wave energy is conducted in Universities and research Institutes under governmental support, often in co-operation with institutions from Europe and Asia [19,22,28,45,63,66,76,79]....
[...]
...Wave energy underlies legislation regarding the implementation of renewable energies and the deregulation of the energy market, R&D mainly being conducted in Universities [3,38] and the Centre for Renewable Energy Sources [11]....
[...]

An Overview of Wave Energy Technologies: Status, Performance and Costs

[...]

T W Thorpe

01 Jan 1999

TL;DR: Work on wave energy within the UK began in the early 1970s with a report from the Central Policy Review Staff, which identified the Government's responsibility to assess a wide range of possible energy options to ensure security of energy supplies as mentioned in this paper.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Work on wave energy within the UK began in the early 1970s with a report from the Central Policy Review Staff, which identified the Government's responsibility to assess a wide range of possible energy options to ensure security of energy supplies The UK Department of Energy (DEn) funded extensive research into wave energy during the period 1974 to 1983 under its Wave Energy Programme The programme objectives were to establish the feasibility of extracting energy from ocean waves and to estimate the cost of energy if used on a large scale to supply UK needs The latter objective was addressed by setting a design aim to establish a 2 GW wave power station situated off South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland During the course of the programme a large number of devices were considered but found to be uneconomic (ETSU, 1985) With hindsight, the objective of that programme was over ambitious and resulted in massive devices, with corresponding high capital and generating costs

...read moreread less

99 citations

"Wave energy in Europe: current stat..." refers background in this paper

...Norway has a long coastline facing the Eastern Atlantic with prevailing west winds and high wave energy resources of the order of 400 TWh/year....
[...]
...The amount of this work is very large and extensive reviews have been made by Shaw [58], Lewis [30], Salter [54], Ross [52], Petroncini [48], Thorpe [68,69,70] and others....
[...]
...Extensive tests on a large scale in the eastern Atlantic have been concluded and the first commercial schemes are about to be built in Australia and in the Pacific....
[...]
...Europe is exposed to one of the most energetic sea areas on the planet, the eastern Atlantic, the importance for Europe in the development of reliable wave power conversion technologies becoming thus evident straightaway....
[...]
...Hence, waves created e.g. on the American side of the Atlantic will travel to the western coast of Europe, supported by the prevailing west winds....
[...]

Book•

Power from the Waves

[...]

David Ross

01 Jan 1979

TL;DR: The history of the wave language can be traced back to the first big scheme as mentioned in this paper, which changed water into air and changed the world into a more stable place. But it was slow to take off.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Preface. 1.: Introduction. 2.: How and why it started. 3.: What is a wave?. 4.: From water wheel to gigawatt. 5.: The letter from the Bionics Department. 6.: The catalyst. 6.1: The first big scheme. 6.2: Changing water into air. 6.3: The ship with a broken back. 6.4: The Duck that won't lie down. 6.5: Blow-ups. 7.: Ideas proliferate. 8.: Scuppering the waves. 9.: Norway to the rescue. 10.: Survival of the fittest. 11.: Brussels stumbles into action. 12.: The OSPREY takes off. 13.: The official view. 14.: The future. Appendixes: Wave language. Chronology. Index

...read moreread less

82 citations

"Wave energy in Europe: current stat..." refers background in this paper

...The amount of this work is very large and extensive reviews have been made by Shaw [58], Lewis [30], Salter [54], Ross [52], Petroncini [48], Thorpe [68,69,70] and others....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

World progress in wave energy-1988

[...]

S. H. Salter

01 Jan 1989-International journal of ambient energy

TL;DR: In this article, a presentation made at the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Philippines National Academy of Science and Technology in July 1988 is presented, which discusses wave climate, the types of device, means of reaction, power conversion mechanisms and survival techniques.

...read moreread less

Abstract: SYNOPSIS The energy crises of the 'seventies threatened the standard of living of the developed countries and led to vigorous research into a variety of possible replacements for fossil fuel—particularly for oil. Sea waves were one of the more novel of the renewable resources which were taken seriously. After a brief historical introduction the paper discusses wave climate, the types of device, means of reaction, power conversion mechanisms and survival techniques. The final section gives some advice to potential customers. The paper is based on a presentation made at the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Philippines National Academy of Science and Technology in July 1988.

...read moreread less

78 citations

"Wave energy in Europe: current stat..." refers background in this paper

...The amount of this work is very large and extensive reviews have been made by Shaw [58], Lewis [30], Salter [54], Ross [52], Petroncini [48], Thorpe [68,69,70] and others....
[...]
...14) was introduced in 1974 by S. Salter [53]....
[...]
...In the meantime at least another ten wave energy projects were initiated in the UK [54]....
[...]
...There are important developments that do not fall under the above categories, such as the Salter Duck, the Cockerell raft and the McCabe Wave Pump....
[...]
...The authors appreciate the comments and helpful suggestions of Dr. Raju Abraham, NIOT, India; Dr. Chiara Boccaletti, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Nucleare e Conversioni di Energia, Italy; Dr. Tom Denniss, Energetech Australia Pty Ltd, Aus- tralia; Prof. Stephen Salter, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom and Dr. Yukihisa Washio, JAMSTEC, Japan....
[...]