Wave induced forces around buried pipelines
TL;DR: In this paper, the wave induced pressure on a pipeline buried in a sandy bed at different burial depth ratios is analyzed. But the results show that wave induced pressures are significantly controlled by the wave period analyzed in terms of the scattering parameter (ka).
About: This article is published in Ocean Engineering.The article was published on 2002-05-01. It has received 34 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Submarine pipeline & Wave flume.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a 3D numerical model is developed, based on the Finite Element Method, to analyze the behavior of soil under the wave loading, and the effects of wave and soil char- acteristics and trench configuration on the wave-induced seabed instability are discussed in detail.
Abstract: In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed, based on the Finite Element Method, to ana- lyse the behaviour of soil under the wave loading. The pipeline is assumed to be rigid and anchored within a trench. The influence of wave obliquity on seabed responses, the pore pressure and soil stresses, are studied, which cannot be handled by the existing 2D models. It is revealed that three-dimensional characteristics systematically affect the distribution of soil response around the circumference of the underwater pipeline. Based on new 3D model, the effects of wave and soil char- acteristics and trench configuration on the wave-induced seabed instability are discussed in detail.
12 citations
Cites background from "Wave induced forces around buried p..."
...Such a simplified twodimensional case has been experimentally studied in [23, 24], among others....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of different piggyback pipeline configuration on the morphology of local seabed scour subject to steady currents was investigated and the results of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were presented.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the wave force variation due to burial depends on the engineering characteristics of the sub-soil like hydraulic conductivity and porosity, apart from the design environmental conditions.
Abstract: Submarine pipelines encounter significant wave forces in shallow coastal waters due to the
action of waves. In order to reduce such forces (also to protect the pipe against anchors and dropped objects)
they are buried below the seabed. The wave force variation due to burial depends on the engineering
characteristics of the sub soil like hydraulic conductivity and porosity, apart from the design environmental
conditions. For a given wave condition, in certain type of soil, the wave force can reduce drastically with
increased burial and in certain other type of soil, it may not. It is hence essential to understand how the wave
forces vary in soils of different hydraulic conductivity. Based on physical model study, the wave forces on
the buried pipeline model is assessed for a wide range of wave conditions, for different burial depths and for
four types of cohesion-less soils, covering hydraulic conductivity in the range of 0.286 to 1.84 mm/s. It is
found that for all the four soil types, the horizontal wave force reduces with increase in depth of burial,
whereas the vertical force is high for half buried condition. Among the soils, well graded one is better for
half buried case, since the least vertical force is experienced for this situation. It is found that uniformly
graded and low hydraulic conductivity soil attracts the maximum vertical force for half buried case. A case
study analysis is carried out and is reported. The results of this study are useful for submarine buried pipeline
design.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, physical model investigations were carried out in a wave flume to assess the change in the horizontal and vertical hydrodynamic forces on a submarine pipeline for different depths of burial.
Abstract: Information on wave force variation due to different burial of submarine pipeline is essential in order to choose its appropriate depth of burial. It is a function of wave climate, water depth, geotechnical and hydraulic properties of the seabed soil, etc. To solve this problem, physical model investigations were carried out in a wave flume to assess the change in the horizontal and vertical hydrodynamic forces on a submarine pipeline for different depths of burial. The marine sand is well graded and has hydraulic conductivity of 1.84 mm/s. It is found that the horizontal force reduces nonlinearly with increase in depth of burial. 75% of the magnitude of the horizontal force reduces by just burying the pipe, when compared to the horizontal force on the pipeline placed on the seabed. The vertical hydrodynamic force is smaller for half buried pipe and increases for just fully buried case due to the significant change in the magnitude as well as the phase difference between the pore water dynamic pressures. ...
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigate wave-induced pore pressure within silty bed around the buried or partially/fully backfilled pipeline and show that residual porepressure is the dominant factor that causes the liquefaction in silty soil.
4 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a general theory for the pore pressures and effective stresses induced in a porous bed by ocean waves is developed, where pore fluid as well as the soil skeleton are considered compressible.
Abstract: A general theory for the pore pressures and effective stresses induced in a porous bed by ocean waves is developed. The pore fluid as well as the soil skeleton are considered compressible and the f...
456 citations
TL;DR: The water wave induced seepage force on a pipeline buried in the seabed is investigated in this paper, where the pipeline is assumed to be rigid and not supported by any anchoring force.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of traditional porous-media analytical methods to wave-induced flow in beds of sand has been verified experimentally, and the agreement between theory and experiment is found to be quite good.
Abstract: Measurements of the variation of the fluctuating component of pressure have been made in two different beds of sand in a wave channel. The sand was laid from an overhead hopper, and it is shown that the stratification of the bed produced by this method causes the permeability to be different in the vertical and horizontal directions. It is suggested that a similar situation exists in the sea bed. Analytical relationships for the pressure and velocity distributions in such a situation are developed, and the agreement between theory and experiment is found to be quite good. As far as is known, this is the first time that the applicability of traditional porous-media analytical methods to wave-induced flow in beds of sand has been verified experimentally.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical investigation on the transmission of wave induced pressures into a permeable sea bottom has been performed, assuming that the soil water is compressible, while the grain skeleton is assumed rigid, the resulting theoretical model describes an effective mechanism by which the soil permeability affects the pressure transmission.
Abstract: A theoretical investigation on the transmission of wave induced pressures into a permeable sea bottom has been performed. Assuming that the soil water is compressible, while the grain skeleton is assumed rigid, the resulting theoretical model describes an effective mechanism by which the soil permeability affects the pressure transmission.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite element simulation of the wave-induced hydrodynamic uplift force acting on a submarine pipeline buried in sandy seabed sediments subject to continuous loading of sinusoidal surface waves is presented.
64 citations