Wave-induced forces on buried pipelines
01 Mar 1988-Journal of Waterway Port Coastal and Ocean Engineering-asce (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 114, Iss: 2, pp 220-236
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical model is developed for estimating the pore pressure in the soil and the resulting pressure force on buried pipelines, assuming that the seabed is rigid, homogeneous, and porous with isotropic permeability.
Abstract: Ocean waves induce dynamic pressure responses in permeable seabeds which result in dynamic loads on buried pipelines. An analytical model is developed for estimating the pore pressure in the soil and the resulting pressure force on buried pipelines. It is assumed that the seabed is rigid, homogeneous, and porous with isotropic permeability, that the pore water is incompressible, that fluid flow in the soil is modeled by Darcy's Law, and that the seabed is infinitely deep. A solution is developed for a circular, rigid pipeline using conformal mapping techniques. The solution is compared with the results of both small and large‐scale tests; reasonable agreement is obtained for the small‐scale tests. Wave‐induced seepage forces are evaluated by integrating the pressure distribution over the pipe surface. The magnitude of the force remains constant but the direction rotates around the cylinder once with the passage of each wave. This force may be of sufficient magnitude to be an important consideration in the...
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136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite element simulation of the wave-induced hydrodynamic uplift force acting on a submarine pipeline buried in sandy seabed sediments subject to continuous loading of sinusoidal surface waves is presented.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite element model (GFEM-WSSI) is adopted to investigate the interaction between nonlinear ocean waves, a buried pipelines and a porous seabed.
53 citations
Cites background from "Wave-induced forces on buried pipel..."
...the potential theory, the hydrodynamic uplift forces on the buried pipelines has been studied [13,14,23]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the pipeline itself to be an elastic material and link the analysis of the pipeline with the wave-seabed interaction problem, and discussed the effects of pipe geometry and variable soil characteristics on the waveinduced pore pressure and internal stresses.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the pore pressure and internal stresses within the pipeline under wave loading were considered in the new model and a comprehensive comparison between the experimental data available and the present model is performed and showing good agreements.
46 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the number of physical constants necessary to determine the properties of the soil is derived along with the general equations for the prediction of settlements and stresses in three-dimensional problems.
Abstract: The settlement of soils under load is caused by a phenomenon called consolidation, whose mechanism is known to be in many cases identical with the process of squeezing water out of an elasticporous medium. The mathematical physical consequences of this viewpoint are established in the present paper. The number of physical constants necessary to determine the properties of the soil is derived along with the general equations for the prediction of settlements and stresses in three‐dimensional problems. Simple applications are treated as examples. The operational calculus is shown to be a powerful method of solution of consolidation problems.
8,253 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of the response of a porous elastic bed to water waves is treated analytically on the basis of the three-dimensional consolidation theory of Biot (1941).
Abstract: The problem of the response of a porous elastic bed to water waves is treated analytically on the basis of the three-dimensional consolidation theory of Biot (1941). Exact solutions for the pore-water pressure and the displacements of the porous medium are obtained in closed form for the case of waves propagating over the poro-elastic bed. The theoretical results indicate that the bed response to waves is strongly dependent on the permeability k and the stiffness ratio G/K’, where G is the shear modulus of the porous medium and K’ is the apparent bulk modulus of elasticity of the pore fluid. The earlier solutions for pore-water pressure by various authors are given as the limiting cases of the present solution. For the limits G/K′ → 0 or k→ ∞, the present solution for pressure approaches the solution of the Laplace equation by Putnam (1949). For the limit G/K′→ ∞, the present solution approaches the solution of the heat conduction equation by Nakamura et al. (1973) and Moshagen & Torum (1975).The theoretical results are compared with wave tank experimental data on pore-water pressure in coarse and fine sand beds which contain small amounts of air. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.
567 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a general theory for the pore pressures and effective stresses induced in a porous bed by ocean waves is developed, where pore fluid as well as the soil skeleton are considered compressible.
Abstract: A general theory for the pore pressures and effective stresses induced in a porous bed by ocean waves is developed. The pore fluid as well as the soil skeleton are considered compressible and the f...
456 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of field investigations conducted by Japanese engineers are presented, leading to conclusions concerning the variation of relative density of the sand with depth in regions where liquefaction did and did not occur.
Abstract: During the Niigata earthquake of June 16, 1964, extensive damage to engineering structures occurred as a result of liquefaction of the sandy soil on which they were supported. The results of field investigations conducted by Japanese engineers are presented, leading to conclusions concerning the variation of relative density of the sand with depth in regions where liquefaction did and did not occur. An analysis is then proposed, using computations of the time-history of shear stresses likely to be generated in the sand by the earthquake ground motions and the results of cyclic shear tests on saturated samples of sand, which provides results in good agreement with the observed field behavior. The analysis is also used to assess the effects of minor changes in intensity of ground shaking or depth of water table and the provision of surcharge fills on the possibility of soil liquefaction at Niigata. The good agreement between the predicted and observed behavior suggests that the method of analysis might be useful for evaluating the possibility of soil liquefaction in other areas.
263 citations