Book•
Wearable sensors : fundamentals, implementation and applications
01 Jan 2014-
TL;DR: This book provides the first comprehensive resource of all currently used wearable devices in an accessible and structured manner and helps engineers manufacture wearable devices with information on current technologies, with a focus on end user needs and recycling requirements.
Abstract: Written by industry experts, this book aims to provide you with an understanding of how to design and work with wearable sensors. Together these insights provide the first single source of information on wearable sensors that would be a valuable addition to the library of any engineer interested in this field. Wearable Sensors covers a wide variety of topics associated with the development and application of various wearable sensors. It also provides an overview and coherent summary of many aspects of current wearable sensor technology. Both industry professionals and academic researchers will benefit from this comprehensive reference which contains the most up-to-date information on the advancement of lightweight hardware, energy harvesting, signal processing, and wireless communications and networks. Practical problems with smart fabrics, biomonitoring and health informatics are all addressed, plus end user centric design, ethical and safety issues. * Provides the first comprehensive resource of all currently used wearable devices in an accessible and structured manner.* Helps engineers manufacture wearable devices with information on current technologies, with a focus on end user needs and recycling requirements.* Combines the expertise of professionals and academics in one practical and applied source.
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01 Mar 2018
TL;DR: This paper provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of all the wireless charging technologies for electric vehicle (EVs), characteristics and standards available in the open literature, as well as sustainable implications and potential safety measures.
Abstract: The profitable commercialization and fast adoption of electrified transportation require fast, economical, and reliable charging infrastructure. This paper provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of all the wireless charging technologies for electric vehicle (EVs), characteristics and standards available in the open literature, as well as sustainable implications and potential safety measures. A comparative overview of conductive charging and wireless charging is followed by a detailed description of static wireless charging, dynamic wireless charging (DWC), and quasi-DWC. Roadblocks, such as coil design of power pads, frequency, power level limitations, misalignment, and potential solutions, are outlined. The standards are then tabulated to deliver a coherent view of the current status, followed by an explanation of the crux of these standards. Necessity and progress in the standardization of wireless charging systems are then deliberated. Vehicle-to-grid application of wireless charging is reviewed followed by an overview of economic analysis, social implications, the effect on sustainability, and safety aspects to evaluate the commercial feasibility of wireless charging. This paper will be highly beneficial to research entities, industry professionals, and investment representatives as a ready reference of the wireless charging system of EVs, with information on important characteristics and standards.
542 citations
Cites background from "Wearable sensors : fundamentals, im..."
...In the nearfield region, the electric and magnetic fields are separate [73], hence power can be transferred through the electric field via electrodes and the magnetic field via coils [74]....
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TL;DR: The communication security issues facing the popular wearables is examined followed by a survey of solutions studied in the literature, and the techniques for improving the power efficiency of wearables are explained.
Abstract: As smartphone penetration saturates, we are witnessing a new trend in personal mobile devices—wearable mobile devices or simply wearables as it is often called. Wearables come in many different forms and flavors targeting different accessories and clothing that people wear. Although small in size, they are often expected to continuously sense, collect, and upload various physiological data to improve quality of life. These requirements put significant demand on improving communication security and reducing power consumption of the system, fueling new research in these areas. In this paper, we first provide a comprehensive survey and classification of commercially available wearables and research prototypes. We then examine the communication security issues facing the popular wearables followed by a survey of solutions studied in the literature. We also categorize and explain the techniques for improving the power efficiency of wearables. Next, we survey the research literature in wearable computing. We conclude with future directions in wearable market and research.
486 citations
Cites background from "Wearable sensors : fundamentals, im..."
...Similarly, Sazonov and Neuman [14] present the operating mechanisms of various sensors available for wearable devices and different fundamental algorithms associated with them such as step counting and activity recognition....
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TL;DR: Some of the current developments and challenges of wearable PPG-based monitoring technologies are considered and some of the potential applications of this technology in clinical settings are discussed.
Abstract: Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an uncomplicated and inexpensive optical measurement method that is often used for heart rate monitoring purposes. PPG is a non-invasive technology that uses a light source and a photodetector at the surface of skin to measure the volumetric variations of blood circulation. Recently, there has been much interest from numerous researchers around the globe to extract further valuable information from the PPG signal in addition to heart rate estimation and pulse oxymetry readings. PPG signal's second derivative wave contains important health-related information. Thus, analysis of this waveform can help researchers and clinicians to evaluate various cardiovascular-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Moreover, investigating the second derivative wave of PPG signal can also assist in early detection and diagnosis of various cardiovascular illnesses that may possibly appear later in life. For early recognition and analysis of such illnesses, continuous and real-time monitoring is an important approach that has been enabled by the latest technological advances in sensor technology and wireless communications. The aim of this article is to briefly consider some of the current developments and challenges of wearable PPG-based monitoring technologies and then to discuss some of the potential applications of this technology in clinical settings.
456 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in polymer nanocomposite based wearable strain sensors and the merits of highly stretchable polymeric matrix and excellent electrical conductivity of nanomaterials.
260 citations
06 Mar 2018
TL;DR: There are already some examples of wearable e-textiles where sensors, actuators, and production techniques were used to seamlessly embed electronic features into traditional wearable textiles, which allow for daily use without a bionic stigma.
Abstract: Wearable e-textiles are able to perform electronic functions and are perceived as a way to add features into common wearable textiles, building competitive market advantages. The e-textile production has become not only a research effort but also an industrial production challenge. It is important to know how to use existing industrial processes or to develop new ones that are able to scale up production, ensuring the behavior and performance of prototypes. Despite the technical challenges, there are already some examples of wearable e-textiles where sensors, actuators, and production techniques were used to seamlessly embed electronic features into traditional wearable textiles, which allow for daily use without a bionic stigma.
135 citations
Cites background from "Wearable sensors : fundamentals, im..."
...The gaming industry revenue using wearable e-textile technologies is growing, resulting in $66 billion in 2013 for the mobile games on smartphones and tablets, and the growth in 2017 was estimated at around $78 billion [1]....
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References
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: This chapter covers the fundamental aspects of HBC from the transmission channel and communication hardware to its commercialization and related challenges.
Abstract: As wearable sensors such as health-monitoring sensors become necessities in our lives, there is a growing need for more effective connection methods that enable such sensors to communicate with each other or with peripheral devices. A wired connection method has frequently been used for on-body wearable sensors, but it inconveniences users due to the requirement of connection cables. Also, it is practically impossible to connect in-body wearable sensors such as an implantable pacemaker with a connection cable. Wireless connection presents an appealing alternative, but still needs improvements with respect to power consumption, hardware costs, and frequency regulation. To overcome the disadvantages of wired and wireless methods, researchers have proposed human body communication (HBC). In HBC, the human body, whose tissues have the features of a lossy dielectric material, is used as a transmission channel to transmit data from one device to another, allowing devices to communicate without wired or wireless connections. Wearable sensors can communicate with each other using the human body as a transmission channel, or a user can transmit data in wearable sensors to a peripheral device such as a desktop computer simply by touching the device. The IEEE 802.15 working group for the body-area network (BAN) has recently published a standard for a physical layer (PHY) using HBC. This chapter covers the fundamental aspects of HBC from the transmission channel and communication hardware to its commercialization and related challenges. It consists of four sections: (1) the channel properties of the human body, (2) the transmission scheme of HBC, (3) the analog front-end for HBC, and (4) the commercialization of HBC and related challenges.
1 citations