Welding Metallurgy of

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Welding Metallurgy of

Welding Metallurgy of

01 Jan 1987-

About: The article was published on 1987-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 991 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Welding.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Narrow gap welding of low alloy and austenitic stainless steels using different Inconel alloys: comparison of microstructure and properties

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K Ravikiran¹, Goutam Das², S. Kumar, P. K. Singh, K. Sivaprasad¹, M Ghosh² - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli¹, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research²

03 Jul 2019

TL;DR: In this article, SA508 low alloy steel and 304LN austenitic stainless steel were joined by Inconel 82 and 52 filler alloys, and the results showed that the joint produced with the latter has a better mechanical strength than the assembly fabricated with the former.

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Abstract: In the present investigation, SA508 low alloy steel and 304LN austenitic stainless steel were joined by hot wire narrow gap gas tungsten arc welding. Inconel 82 and 52 were used as filler alloys. Evaluation of microstructure, micro-hardness, and tensile strength through in situ test in scanning electron microscope were attempted for the welded assemblies. Low alloy steel consisted of a heat affected zone adjacent to interface. Athin layer of martensite and Type-I boundary were revealed near the fusion boundary between low alloy steel and weld metal. Micro-hardness distribution showed a peak near the fusion boundary between low alloy steel and filler alloy owing to the presence of lath martensite, Type- I boundary, and complex alloy carbides. The micro-hardness was further dropped within the filler alloy. During the in situ tensile test, deformation was confined within the filler alloy, as it was the weakest link across the fusion boundary. It was revealed that the joint produced with Inconel 82 filler alloy has a better mechanical strength than the assembly fabricated with Inconel 52 filler alloy. Inferior quality of the latter was attributed to the relatively coarser grain structure and the presence of larger alloy carbides within filler alloy when compared with the former. Improved strength of the weld with Inconel 82 filler alloy was further endorsed by the lower slip distance for dislocation movement and higher strain hardening rate in comparison to the weld fabricated with Inconel 52 filler alloy.

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6 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Electron beam weldability of a group IAB iron meteorite

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John W. Elmer¹, C. L. Evans¹, J. J. Embree¹, G. F. Gallegos¹, L. T. Summers¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory¹

31 Mar 2014-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the weldability of an extraterrestrial group IAB iron meteorite in its native state, and showed that further welding innovation is required to directly join meteoritic material due to inherent non-metallic impurities that lead to...

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Abstract: Electron beam welding, first demonstrated in space on Soyuz 6, and later on the Skylab mission, appears to be the leading candidate for welding structures in space since it is ideally suited for the vacuum of space. These pioneering welding experiments were performed on terrestrial materials such as aluminium, titanium and stainless steel, and the results showed no significant differences from welds made on Earth. Future applications for welding in space include repair of existing structures, research and development activities, and construction of new structures. However, large scale space construction will need to exploit natural space resources for raw materials, and iron is expected to be a key element due to its availability in near-Earth objects. Here, we investigate the weldability of an extraterrestrial group IAB iron meteorite in its native state, and show that further welding innovation is required to directly join meteoritic material due to inherent non-metallic impurities that lead to ...

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6 citations

Cites background or result from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...The morphology of the cracks suggests that they initiated while the metal was solidifying, and are commonly referred to as weld solidification cracks.(19) Such cracks are known to occur in steel alloys with high phosphorous and sulphur, since these elements partition to the remaining liquid during solidification, creating weak grain boundaries that can be pulled apart by the welding induced strains as the weld cools....
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...The high cooling rate in the HAZ of the weld would suggest that the transformation from taenite to kamacite would occur by a martensitic mechanism,(17) which is known to harden high carbon steels considerably relative to the base metal.(19) However, since there is no change in hardness between the base metal and HAZ, one can conclude that the kamacite is nearly a pure iron–nickel alloy with very low carbon so as not to produce a martensitic hardening effect....
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...Such cracks are known to occur in steel alloys with high phosphorous and sulphur, since these elements partition to the remaining liquid during solidification, creating weak grain boundaries that can be pulled apart by the welding induced strains as the weld cools.(19) This theory is consistent with the results of the Scheil solidification calculation shown in Fig....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Laser weld geometry and microstructure of cast Uranium-6 wt% niobium alloy

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John W. Elmer¹, Amanda S. Wu¹, Tarasankar Debroy²•Institutions (2)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory¹, Pennsylvania State University²

29 Jan 2018-Journal of Nuclear Materials

TL;DR: In this paper, a U6wt%Nb uranium alloy was used for laser welding with welding speeds from 20 to 2500 mm/s and the ratio of weld length relative to depth and width increased, with melt pool lengths being more than 5 times greater than the width and 10 times higher than the depth at the highest speeds.

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6 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...A second goal of this study was to determine the influence of welding speed, and associated cooling rate, on the weld microstructure since this has an important effect on the fusion zone properties [16]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Improvement of technology for repair of ore-bucket unloader metal structure working under cyclic loading

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Pavlo A. Gavrish, Alexander V. Perig, Eduard P. Gribkov, Mykola Yu. Dorokhov

03 Jul 2021-Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies

TL;DR: The basis of all machines and mechanisms of cranes is a metal structure, more often welded; therefore, the further operation of the machine is influenced by reliability and safety of operation of a... as mentioned in this paper.

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Abstract: The basis of all machines and mechanisms of cranes is a metal structure, more often welded; therefore, the further operation of the machine is influenced by reliability and safety of operation of a...

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6 citations

Multi-scale Microstructure Characterization for Improved Understanding of Microstructure-Property Relationship in Additive Manufacturing

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Hye Yun Song¹•Institutions (1)

Ohio State University¹

01 Jan 2016

6 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...18 Schemetic of thermal cycle of strain-age cracking [69]...
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...18 Schemetic of thermal cycle of strain-age cracking [69] ....
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...The actual orientation of the dendrite depends on the direction of the heat flow [24,69]....
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...Strain-age cracking can occur during post weld heat treatment of some nickel base superalloys with a high alloying content of Ti and Al [69]....
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References

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Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

[...]

E. O. Olakanmi¹, E. O. Olakanmi², Robert F. Cochrane¹, Kenneth Dalgarno³•Institutions (3)

University of Leeds¹, Federal University of Technology Minna², Newcastle University³

01 Oct 2015-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, the state of the art in selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) processing of aluminium powders is reviewed from different perspectives, including powder metallurgy (P/M), pulsed electric current (PECS), and laser welding of aluminium alloys.

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1,172 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Dislocation network in additive manufactured steel breaks strength–ductility trade-off

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Leifeng Liu¹, Qingqing Ding², Yuan Zhong¹, Ji Zou³, Jing Wu³, Yu-Lung Chiu³, Jixue Li², Ze Zhang², Qian Yu², Zhijian Shen¹ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (3)

Stockholm University¹, Zhejiang University², University of Birmingham³

06 Dec 2017-Materials Today

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the pre-existing dislocation network, which maintains its configuration during the entire plastic deformation, is an ideal modulator that is able to slow down but not entirely block the dislocation motion.

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557 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties

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Majid Pouranvari¹, S. P. H. Marashi²•Institutions (2)

Islamic Azad University¹, Amirkabir University of Technology²

18 Nov 2013-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental understanding of structure-properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds is discussed. And a brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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Abstract: Spot welding, particularly resistance spot welding (RSW), is a critical joining process in automotive industry. The development of advanced high strength steels for applications in automotive industry is accompanied with a challenge to better understand the physical and mechanical metallurgy of these materials during RSW. The present paper critically reviews the fundamental understanding of structure–properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds. The focus is on the metallurgical characteristics, hardness–microstructure correlation, interfacial to pullout failure mode transition and mechanical performance of steel resistance spot welds under quasi-static, fatigue and impact loading conditions. A brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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369 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

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João Pedro Oliveira¹, Telmo G. Santos¹, Rosa Maria Mendes Miranda¹•Institutions (1)

University of Lisbon¹

01 Jan 2020-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.

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369 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Using deep neural network with small dataset to predict material defects

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Shuo Feng¹, Huiyu Zhou¹, Hongbiao Dong¹•Institutions (1)

University of Leicester¹

15 Jan 2019-Materials & Design

TL;DR: This study attempted to predict solidification defects by DNN regression with a small dataset that contains 487 data points and found that a pre-trained and fine-tuned DNN shows better generalization performance over shallow neural network, support vector machine, and DNN trained by conventional methods.

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314 citations