Welding Metallurgy of
01 Jan 1987-
About: The article was published on 1987-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 991 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Welding.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a mathematical model of the three-dimensional temperature field for the evaluation of the type of solidification of the weld pool metal, based on the analytical solution of the direct problem of heat conductivity and the numerical solution of inverse problem using some of the experimental data.
Abstract: The structure and properties of the weld metal depend mainly on the type of solidification of the liquid metal of the weld pool. Various physical and mathematical models of solidification have been developed for analysis of the solidification processes in welding. etc In analysis, the initial data are represented mainly by information on the temperature field: the geometry of the solidification front and the values of the rate of solidification and the temperature gradient at the front. The aim of the present study is the development of the mathematical model of the three-dimensional temperature field for the evaluation of the type of solidification of the weld pool metal. The calculation method is based on the analytical solution of the direct problem of heat conductivity and the numerical solution of the inverse problem using some of the experimental data. The following assumptions will be made: –the solid (flat layer) is homogeneous and not limited with respect to length and width; –the properties of the material (heat conductivity λ and thermal diffusivity a) are independent of temperature; –the surface of the solid is thermally insulated; –the initial temperature T∞ is constant; –the centre of the source and the origin of the rectangular coordinate system X, Y, Z move on the surface of the body along the axis X with a constant speed v during the time period t (figure 1); –the heat source is of the surface type, normal–circular, and its power density is:
11 citations
24 Mar 2014
TL;DR: X-ray diffraction analysis results show that although the bioactivity of the coating layer tended to decrease with increasing TiO2 content, in accordance with the above-mentioned ratios, theBioactivity of all three specimens remained generally good.
Abstract: To study the effect of titania (TiO2) addition on the surface microstructure and bioactivity of fluorapatite coatings, fluorapatite was mixed with TiO2 in 1:0.5 (FA + 0.5TiO2), 1:0.8 (FA + 0.8TiO2)...
10 citations
Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"
...The microstructural change induced by TiO2 addition is the result of increased constitutional supercooling.(36)...
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the production and manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V components, including the Alloy Classification and Alloy Classification of Titanium and its Alloys.
Abstract: ....................................................................................................................... xxvi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... xxviii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 1.1 General .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Aims and Objectives ............................................................................................... 3 1.3 Rationale ................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Outline of Thesis ..................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................... 8 2.1 Titanium and its Alloys ........................................................................................... 8 2.2 Titanium Alloy Classification ............................................................................... 12 2.3 Production and Manufacture of Titanium and its Alloys ...................................... 16 2.3.1 Cost Structure of Production and Manufacture of Titanium Components .... 16 2.3.2 Current Titanium Production Techniques ...................................................... 19 2.3.3 Emerging Production Processes ..................................................................... 23 2.3.4 Fabrication of Titanium and its Alloys .......................................................... 26 2.3.5 Welding of Titanium and its Alloys ............................................................... 31 2.4 Additive Manufacturing of Titanium .................................................................... 36 2.5 Arc-wire Based Additive Manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V ........................................... 43 iv CHAPTER 3 – PROCESS CHARACTERISATION ................................................ 45 3.
10 citations
Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"
...In metals with BCC crystal structures such as β-Ti, grain growth is most favourable for those grains where the <100> direction is aligned with the greatest thermal gradient [115]....
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...To satisfy the conditions for static equilibrium, the adjacent bars will both be in compression with stresses one-half the magnitude of the tensile stress in the central bar [115]....
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Dissertation•
28 Apr 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a list of tables, lists of figures, and lists of equations for each of the following types of entities: table, figure, table, and equation.
Abstract: ....................................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... vi Dedication ................................................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. xi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. xvii List of Equations ...................................................................................................................................... xviii
10 citations
Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"
...Solidification during welding can cause inhomogeneity across the fusion zone due to microsegregation of the alloy constituents as the solidification front grows [6, 16, 282]....
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...The low cross sectional area of the wires limits the heat conduction away from the joint, which limits the cooling rate of the fusion zone, resulting in the planar growth at the fusion boundaries, and the columnar dendrites in the fusion zone [233, 238, 282]....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the state of the art in selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) processing of aluminium powders is reviewed from different perspectives, including powder metallurgy (P/M), pulsed electric current (PECS), and laser welding of aluminium alloys.
1,172 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the pre-existing dislocation network, which maintains its configuration during the entire plastic deformation, is an ideal modulator that is able to slow down but not entirely block the dislocation motion.
557 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental understanding of structure-properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds is discussed. And a brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.
Abstract: Spot welding, particularly resistance spot welding (RSW), is a critical joining process in automotive industry. The development of advanced high strength steels for applications in automotive industry is accompanied with a challenge to better understand the physical and mechanical metallurgy of these materials during RSW. The present paper critically reviews the fundamental understanding of structure–properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds. The focus is on the metallurgical characteristics, hardness–microstructure correlation, interfacial to pullout failure mode transition and mechanical performance of steel resistance spot welds under quasi-static, fatigue and impact loading conditions. A brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.
369 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.
369 citations
TL;DR: This study attempted to predict solidification defects by DNN regression with a small dataset that contains 487 data points and found that a pre-trained and fine-tuned DNN shows better generalization performance over shallow neural network, support vector machine, and DNN trained by conventional methods.
314 citations