Welding Metallurgy of

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Welding Metallurgy of

01 Jan 1987-

About: The article was published on 1987-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 991 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Welding.

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Journal Article•DOI•

A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

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E. O. Olakanmi¹, E. O. Olakanmi², Robert F. Cochrane¹, Kenneth Dalgarno³•Institutions (3)

University of Leeds¹, Federal University of Technology Minna², Newcastle University³

01 Oct 2015-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, the state of the art in selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) processing of aluminium powders is reviewed from different perspectives, including powder metallurgy (P/M), pulsed electric current (PECS), and laser welding of aluminium alloys.

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1,172 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...(......................................................3/)(16 33* VSL GSG ∆=∆ θπγ According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is perceived as being initiated by epitaxial growth from the substrate and proceeds by competitive growth toward the center line of the weld....
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...100 the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucl eatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
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...According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is...
[...]
...Whereas, the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucleatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Dislocation network in additive manufactured steel breaks strength–ductility trade-off

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Leifeng Liu¹, Qingqing Ding², Yuan Zhong¹, Ji Zou³, Jing Wu³, Yu-Lung Chiu³, Jixue Li², Ze Zhang², Qian Yu², Zhijian Shen¹ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (3)

Stockholm University¹, Zhejiang University², University of Birmingham³

06 Dec 2017-Materials Today

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the pre-existing dislocation network, which maintains its configuration during the entire plastic deformation, is an ideal modulator that is able to slow down but not entirely block the dislocation motion.

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557 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties

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Majid Pouranvari¹, S. P. H. Marashi²•Institutions (2)

Islamic Azad University¹, Amirkabir University of Technology²

18 Nov 2013-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental understanding of structure-properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds is discussed. And a brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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Abstract: Spot welding, particularly resistance spot welding (RSW), is a critical joining process in automotive industry. The development of advanced high strength steels for applications in automotive industry is accompanied with a challenge to better understand the physical and mechanical metallurgy of these materials during RSW. The present paper critically reviews the fundamental understanding of structure–properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds. The focus is on the metallurgical characteristics, hardness–microstructure correlation, interfacial to pullout failure mode transition and mechanical performance of steel resistance spot welds under quasi-static, fatigue and impact loading conditions. A brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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369 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Despite the fact that Schaeffler diagram predicts two phases (austenite plus ferrite) in the FZ of AISI 304 weld nugget microstructure, under rapid solidification conditions such as laser beam welding, a shift in solidification mode may occur.(90) It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification....
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...In coarse grained region, which is beside the FZ, both high cooling rate and large austenite grain size coupled with the formation of the carbon rich austenite promote the formation of the martensite.(90) Figure 15 shows the microstructure gradient in TRIP780 RSW....
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...The HAZ in carbon steel weldments can be divided into three distinct subregions: (i) upper critical HAZ (UCHAZ): This region experiences peak temperatures above Ac3 transforming BM microstructure into austenite.(90) Depending on the peak temperature the supercritical HAZ can be divided to the following zones: coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) and fine grained HAZ....
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...It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification.(90,95,96) Although the change in solidification mode of stainless steel in RSW has not been studied yet, very high cooling rate in RSW process can explain the formation of a fully austenitic weld nugget, as it is the case for laser beam welding....
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...If this temperature is above Mf, there can be untransformed austenite left in the FZ and it can redecompose to untempered martensite upon cooling to room temperature after tempering.(90) For a particular tempering time and tempering current, there is a minimum cooling time to achieve PF mode....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

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João Pedro Oliveira¹, Telmo G. Santos¹, Rosa Maria Mendes Miranda¹•Institutions (1)

University of Lisbon¹

01 Jan 2020-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.

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369 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Using deep neural network with small dataset to predict material defects

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Shuo Feng¹, Huiyu Zhou¹, Hongbiao Dong¹•Institutions (1)

University of Leicester¹

15 Jan 2019-Materials & Design

TL;DR: This study attempted to predict solidification defects by DNN regression with a small dataset that contains 487 data points and found that a pre-trained and fine-tuned DNN shows better generalization performance over shallow neural network, support vector machine, and DNN trained by conventional methods.

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314 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Solidification crack is one of the most serious defects which occurs widely in welding [27,28], casting [29–31] and additive manufacturing (AM) [32,33], which occurs at the last stage of solidification when liquid films exist between dendrites boundaries where local strains cannot be accommodated by liquid feeding and solid deformation....
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References

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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Otimização Computacional do Processo de Fabricação de Eletrodos Revestidos

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Diego Henrique A. Nascimento, Mariana Presoti, Elizabeth F. Wanner, Rogério Gomes

13 Oct 2015-ChemBioChem

TL;DR: In this article, two técnicas multi-objectivos, NSGA-II and SPEA2, were used for otimizar the process of fabricação of eletrodos revestidos.

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Abstract: Os eletrodos revestidos, utilizados na soldagem por arco elétrico, são submetidos durante o processo de fabricação a altas temperaturas para a remoção da umidade de seu revestimento, que é prejudicial a sua aplicação. Um tipo especial destes eletrodos, o Inox, apresenta alta sensibilidade ao processo de secagem resultando em altas taxas de rejeição. Assim, esse trabalho propõe otimizar, computacionalmente, o processo de fabricação, levando em consideração os parâmetros de qualidade, umidade e fragilidade, bem como o custo de produção. No processo de otimização, foram utilizadas duas técnicas multiobjetivo baseadas em algoritmos evolutivos, NSGA-II e SPEA2, e duas funções objetivos, uma referente à qualidade do produto, constitúıda pela soma ponderada dos parâmetros umidade e fragilidade, e outra relacionada ao custo de fabricação. Cada um dos algoritmos multiobjetivo foi implementado seguindo os mesmos parâmetros construtivos e o desempenho foi medido por meio da métrica hipervolume. Ao final, os resultados mostraram que é posśıvel encontrar novos parâmetros do processo produtivo e que, além de atenderem as exigências de qualidade, conseguiram uma redução de até 31% nos custos de produção, dependendo do fator de ponderação utilizado na agregação dos parâmetros umidade e fragilidade. Keywords—Eletrodos Revestidos, Otimização Multiobjetivo, NSGA-II, SPEA2.

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4 citations

Dissertation•

Weldability of AZ31B Magnesium Sheet by Laser Welding Processes

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Elliot Powidajko

30 Sep 2009

4 citations

Journal Article•

Factors affecting weldability improvement of dissimilar welds of aged hp stainless steel and alloy 800

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R. Dehmolaei¹, Morteza Shamanian¹, Ahmad Kermanpur¹•Institutions (1)

Isfahan University of Technology¹

01 Jun 2008-international journal of iron and steel society of iran

TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure of HP stainless steel in aged and aged + solution annealed conditions and solutionized alloy 800 was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped by EDS.

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Abstract: The microstructure of HP stainless steel in aged and aged + solution annealed conditions and solutionized alloy 800 was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped by EDS. All phases present in the above condition were described. The effects of solution annealing heat treatment temperature on the microstructure, tensile, hardness, toughness, and ductility of aged HP stainless steel and its weldability to alloy 800 have been discussed. In addition, the effects of heat input, interpass temperature, and type of filler metal on weldability of two alloys were investigated. It was found that during solution annealing, the precipitates produced in the aging stage are decomposed and niobium carbide (NbC) is formed. It was also observed that while tensile strength and hardness fell, ductility and toughness were improved. Dissimilar welding between alloy 800 and aged HP stainless steel was not successful and cracks were observed in the HAZ of the aged HP stainless steel, while welding alloy 800 to HP stainless steel (aged + solution annealing at 1100-1200oC, low interpass temperature, and Inconel 82 or 617 filler metals) was successful.

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4 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Welding of the ASTM A106 Gr. B steel pipes for high-temperature service – part 2 – microstructure and hardness

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Cleiton Carvalho Silva¹, Arlindo Braga de Souza Neto¹, Francisco Diego Araruna da Silva¹, Francisco Edval Sampaio de Freitas Júnior¹, Jesualdo Pereira Farias¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Federal University of Ceará¹

09 Feb 2010-Welding International

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a critical evaluation of the microstructure and hardness of the welded joints for pipes with small diameter used in oil refineries, aiming to correlate the results with the residual stresses.

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Abstract: The first part of this work presented the results of the experimental determination of residual stresses along top joints in pipes. The purpose of the second part will be to present a critical evaluation of the microstructure and hardness of the welded joints for pipes with small diameter used in oil refineries, aiming to correlate the results with the residual stresses. The methodology consists of welding pipes with a diameter of 2 in., using a manual TIG process. AWS ER70-S3 addition metal with a 2.5 mm diameter was used. An electronic welding source and a data acquisition system for control were used to control the welding parameters. Metallographic samples were conventionally prepared and electropolished using chloride acid solution. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the microstructure. Microhardness tests were made along the weld. The results show that the combination of heat cycles between the root and the finish with low heat support caused significant reinin...

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4 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Refinement effect of TiC on ferrite by molecular statics/dynamics simulations and first-principles calculations

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Sha Liu¹, Yukui Gao², Z.J. Wang¹, Zhijun Shi¹, Yefei Zhou¹, Xuejun Ren³, Qingxiang Yang¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (3)

Yanshan University¹, Tongji University², Liverpool John Moores University³

15 Jan 2018-Journal of Alloys and Compounds

TL;DR: In this article, the bcc-Fe/TiC interfaces were optimized by molecular statics and first-principles and the interfacial electronic structures were analyzed by first principles.

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4 citations