Welding Metallurgy of

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Welding Metallurgy of

01 Jan 1987-

About: The article was published on 1987-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 991 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Welding.

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Journal Article•DOI•

A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

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E. O. Olakanmi¹, E. O. Olakanmi², Robert F. Cochrane¹, Kenneth Dalgarno³•Institutions (3)

University of Leeds¹, Federal University of Technology Minna², Newcastle University³

01 Oct 2015-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, the state of the art in selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) processing of aluminium powders is reviewed from different perspectives, including powder metallurgy (P/M), pulsed electric current (PECS), and laser welding of aluminium alloys.

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1,172 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...(......................................................3/)(16 33* VSL GSG ∆=∆ θπγ According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is perceived as being initiated by epitaxial growth from the substrate and proceeds by competitive growth toward the center line of the weld....
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...100 the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucl eatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
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...According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is...
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...Whereas, the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucleatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Dislocation network in additive manufactured steel breaks strength–ductility trade-off

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Leifeng Liu¹, Qingqing Ding², Yuan Zhong¹, Ji Zou³, Jing Wu³, Yu-Lung Chiu³, Jixue Li², Ze Zhang², Qian Yu², Zhijian Shen¹ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (3)

Stockholm University¹, Zhejiang University², University of Birmingham³

06 Dec 2017-Materials Today

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the pre-existing dislocation network, which maintains its configuration during the entire plastic deformation, is an ideal modulator that is able to slow down but not entirely block the dislocation motion.

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557 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties

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Majid Pouranvari¹, S. P. H. Marashi²•Institutions (2)

Islamic Azad University¹, Amirkabir University of Technology²

18 Nov 2013-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental understanding of structure-properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds is discussed. And a brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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Abstract: Spot welding, particularly resistance spot welding (RSW), is a critical joining process in automotive industry. The development of advanced high strength steels for applications in automotive industry is accompanied with a challenge to better understand the physical and mechanical metallurgy of these materials during RSW. The present paper critically reviews the fundamental understanding of structure–properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds. The focus is on the metallurgical characteristics, hardness–microstructure correlation, interfacial to pullout failure mode transition and mechanical performance of steel resistance spot welds under quasi-static, fatigue and impact loading conditions. A brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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369 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Despite the fact that Schaeffler diagram predicts two phases (austenite plus ferrite) in the FZ of AISI 304 weld nugget microstructure, under rapid solidification conditions such as laser beam welding, a shift in solidification mode may occur.(90) It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification....
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...In coarse grained region, which is beside the FZ, both high cooling rate and large austenite grain size coupled with the formation of the carbon rich austenite promote the formation of the martensite.(90) Figure 15 shows the microstructure gradient in TRIP780 RSW....
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...The HAZ in carbon steel weldments can be divided into three distinct subregions: (i) upper critical HAZ (UCHAZ): This region experiences peak temperatures above Ac3 transforming BM microstructure into austenite.(90) Depending on the peak temperature the supercritical HAZ can be divided to the following zones: coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) and fine grained HAZ....
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...It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification.(90,95,96) Although the change in solidification mode of stainless steel in RSW has not been studied yet, very high cooling rate in RSW process can explain the formation of a fully austenitic weld nugget, as it is the case for laser beam welding....
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...If this temperature is above Mf, there can be untransformed austenite left in the FZ and it can redecompose to untempered martensite upon cooling to room temperature after tempering.(90) For a particular tempering time and tempering current, there is a minimum cooling time to achieve PF mode....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

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João Pedro Oliveira¹, Telmo G. Santos¹, Rosa Maria Mendes Miranda¹•Institutions (1)

University of Lisbon¹

01 Jan 2020-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.

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369 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Using deep neural network with small dataset to predict material defects

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Shuo Feng¹, Huiyu Zhou¹, Hongbiao Dong¹•Institutions (1)

University of Leicester¹

15 Jan 2019-Materials & Design

TL;DR: This study attempted to predict solidification defects by DNN regression with a small dataset that contains 487 data points and found that a pre-trained and fine-tuned DNN shows better generalization performance over shallow neural network, support vector machine, and DNN trained by conventional methods.

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314 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Solidification crack is one of the most serious defects which occurs widely in welding [27,28], casting [29–31] and additive manufacturing (AM) [32,33], which occurs at the last stage of solidification when liquid films exist between dendrites boundaries where local strains cannot be accommodated by liquid feeding and solid deformation....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•

A combined numerical-experimental method for determining the spatial distribution of a residual stress in a notch

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E. Rusiński, P. Moczko¹•Institutions (1)

University of Wrocław¹

01 Jan 2010-Materials Science-poland

TL;DR: A review of dimensioning standards appertaining to immediate strength and durability shows that it is common practice to ignore residual stresses as mentioned in this paper, especially in areas of maximum strain such as notches.

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Abstract: A review of dimensioning standards appertaining to immediate strength and durability shows that it is common practice to ignore residual stresses. Such stresses can occur as ta result of machining, forming moulding, welding, heat treatment, casting or phase changes of a given material [1–4]. The practice of ignoring residual stresses might be attributed to a lack of methods for determining its spatial distribution, especially in areas of maximum strain such as notches. It is even suggested [5] that the influence of residual stress should be ignored when dimensioning complicated welded objects, because of the lack of satisfactory methods for determining the condition of such objects after being subjected to such stress processes. The influence of the manufacturing processes on the initial distribution of stresses within load bearing elements of machine components (i.e. as distinct from strain occurring later, during exploitation) is vital in view of the immediate strength as well as the ultimate durability of these elements. When these strain forces are later superimposed by strain forces occurring during exploitation, this often leads to premature failures or lower durability. Of course, in certain cases residual stress can also have

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4 citations

Study of Microstracture and Microhardness of Welded Austenic Stainless Steel 316L by TIG, A-TIG and FB-TIG Methods.

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N. Rahimi, T. Saed

10 Jan 2020

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of activating fluxes on the penetration depth, microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI316L austenitic stainless steel were evaluated by three TIG process variations (TIG, A-TIG and FBTIG) and the results were compared together.

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Abstract: In this study the effect of activating fluxes on the penetration depth, microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI316L austenitic stainless steel were evaluated by three TIG process variations (TIG, A-TIG and FB-TIG) and the results were compared together.. After selecting the optimal flux in the second stage, the effect of that on the penetration depth, microstructure and weld microhardness of welded 316L austenitic stainless steel by A–TIG and FBTIG methods, were evaluated and the results were compared by the sample which was welded by TIG process. At this stage, it was found that the depth and width to depth ratio in FB-TIG method is slightly greater than the other two methods. Also in FB-TIG method, eqiaxed dendritic zone in the center line of weld is slightly greater than in A-TIG method. Study of microhardness of weld in three methods shows that in A-TIG and FB-TIG methods hardness of center line is more than TIG method. * یکینورتکلا تسپ ،لوئسم هدنسیون : saeid@sut.ac.ir نا ا یراک و یروان و مو ع D ow nl oa de d fr om iu tjo ur na ls .iu t.a c. ir at 1 7: 12 IR D T o n S un da y M ar ch 2 9t h 20 20 یمیحر راگن و دیعس دیحوت رشن ، ی ه روانف و مولع ي راکشوج ي ا ی ،نار لاس مجنپ هرامش ، 2 ، ناتسمز و زییاپ 1398 هحفص ، 50 39 40

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4 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Part 2: Application of Kanaya–Okayama heat source in modelling micro electron beam welding

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Satya S. Gajapathi¹, Sushanta K. Mitra¹, Patricio F. Mendez¹•Institutions (1)

University of Alberta¹

01 Aug 2012-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of micro electron beam welding is developed where the Kanaya-Okayama heat source formulated in Part I of this work is used to represent the electron beam.

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Abstract: A three-dimensional finite element model of micro electron beam welding is developed where the Kanaya–Okayama heat source formulated in Part I of this work is used to represent the electron beam. The large number of process variables is grouped into two non-dimensional parameters, namely, Peclet number and relative beam penetration, and their effect is analysed numerically to arrive at the optimum conditions of microwelding. Based on the minimum heat input of the process, the optimum Peclet number is found to be 100, and the beam penetration is twice that of the weld depth. The optimum parameters obtained using the Kanaya–Okayama heat source model are similar to the previous findings using the exponential decay heat source model; however, the predictions of the temperature field in the solid as a result of microwelding are relatively lower in case of the Kanaya–Okayama heat source model because of the differences in distribution of heat into the condensed matter. The lower weld surface temperatures in mic...

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4 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Microstructural evolution and numerical simulation of laser-welded Ti 2 AlNb joints under different heat inputs

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Kezhao Zhang¹, Kezhao Zhang², Zhenglong Lei², Yanbin Chen², Ke Yang¹, Yefeng Bao¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

Hohai University¹, Harbin Institute of Technology²

01 Aug 2021-Rare Metals

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of heat input on the microstructural evolution of laser-welded Ti2AlNb joints was investigated by numerical simulation, and a finite element model was established to simulate the thermal cycles during welding process.

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4 citations

Dissertation•

Avaliação do cordão de solda no processo de soldagem MIG utilizando arame AWS A5.18 ER70S-6 em aço SAE 4140

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João Vítor Baroni Razente

18 Jun 2018

TL;DR: In this article, o cordao de solda was evaluated in a processo de soldagem MIG utilising arame AWS A5.18 ER70S-6.

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Abstract: Em decorrencia do avanco tecnologico crescente e para a contribuicao com a demanda de mercado e desenvolvimento tecnologico atual, o estudo e aplicacao do aco focados em desenvolver diferentes propriedades mecânicas e estrutural se tornou importante para o ramo industrial. Nesse contexto, a soldagem se faz presente. Portanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o cordao de solda no processo de soldagem MIG utilizando arame AWS A5.18 ER70S-6 depositado em aco SAE 4140, selecionando parâmetros de soldagem que mais aproximam a restauracao da condicao original do metal base do aco. Para tal, foi realizado o corte e a preparacao de 5 amostras soldadas pelo processo MIG de soldagem, na qual variou-se os parâmetros de corrente e tensao de soldagem com velocidade de solda constante. No qual foi realizado repeticoes de medicao de dureza das amostras e entao o embutimento seguido por analise microestrutural. Os resultados obtidos com as analises realizadas foram concretos perante a dureza obtida, todavia ocorreu o aumento do indice martensitico devido elevada taxa de resfriamento, possibilitando a fragilizacao do material e limitando sua aplicabilidade.

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4 citations