Welding Metallurgy of

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Welding Metallurgy of

01 Jan 1987-

About: The article was published on 1987-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 991 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Welding.

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Citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

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E. O. Olakanmi¹, E. O. Olakanmi², Robert F. Cochrane¹, Kenneth Dalgarno³•Institutions (3)

University of Leeds¹, Federal University of Technology Minna², Newcastle University³

01 Oct 2015-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, the state of the art in selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) processing of aluminium powders is reviewed from different perspectives, including powder metallurgy (P/M), pulsed electric current (PECS), and laser welding of aluminium alloys.

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1,172 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...(......................................................3/)(16 33* VSL GSG ∆=∆ θπγ According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is perceived as being initiated by epitaxial growth from the substrate and proceeds by competitive growth toward the center line of the weld....
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...100 the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucl eatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
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...According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is...
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...Whereas, the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucleatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Dislocation network in additive manufactured steel breaks strength–ductility trade-off

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Leifeng Liu¹, Qingqing Ding², Yuan Zhong¹, Ji Zou³, Jing Wu³, Yu-Lung Chiu³, Jixue Li², Ze Zhang², Qian Yu², Zhijian Shen¹ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (3)

Stockholm University¹, Zhejiang University², University of Birmingham³

06 Dec 2017-Materials Today

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the pre-existing dislocation network, which maintains its configuration during the entire plastic deformation, is an ideal modulator that is able to slow down but not entirely block the dislocation motion.

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557 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties

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Majid Pouranvari¹, S. P. H. Marashi²•Institutions (2)

Islamic Azad University¹, Amirkabir University of Technology²

18 Nov 2013-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental understanding of structure-properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds is discussed. And a brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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Abstract: Spot welding, particularly resistance spot welding (RSW), is a critical joining process in automotive industry. The development of advanced high strength steels for applications in automotive industry is accompanied with a challenge to better understand the physical and mechanical metallurgy of these materials during RSW. The present paper critically reviews the fundamental understanding of structure–properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds. The focus is on the metallurgical characteristics, hardness–microstructure correlation, interfacial to pullout failure mode transition and mechanical performance of steel resistance spot welds under quasi-static, fatigue and impact loading conditions. A brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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369 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Despite the fact that Schaeffler diagram predicts two phases (austenite plus ferrite) in the FZ of AISI 304 weld nugget microstructure, under rapid solidification conditions such as laser beam welding, a shift in solidification mode may occur.(90) It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification....
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...In coarse grained region, which is beside the FZ, both high cooling rate and large austenite grain size coupled with the formation of the carbon rich austenite promote the formation of the martensite.(90) Figure 15 shows the microstructure gradient in TRIP780 RSW....
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...The HAZ in carbon steel weldments can be divided into three distinct subregions: (i) upper critical HAZ (UCHAZ): This region experiences peak temperatures above Ac3 transforming BM microstructure into austenite.(90) Depending on the peak temperature the supercritical HAZ can be divided to the following zones: coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) and fine grained HAZ....
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...It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification.(90,95,96) Although the change in solidification mode of stainless steel in RSW has not been studied yet, very high cooling rate in RSW process can explain the formation of a fully austenitic weld nugget, as it is the case for laser beam welding....
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...If this temperature is above Mf, there can be untransformed austenite left in the FZ and it can redecompose to untempered martensite upon cooling to room temperature after tempering.(90) For a particular tempering time and tempering current, there is a minimum cooling time to achieve PF mode....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

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João Pedro Oliveira¹, Telmo G. Santos¹, Rosa Maria Mendes Miranda¹•Institutions (1)

University of Lisbon¹

01 Jan 2020-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.

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369 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Using deep neural network with small dataset to predict material defects

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Shuo Feng¹, Huiyu Zhou¹, Hongbiao Dong¹•Institutions (1)

University of Leicester¹

15 Jan 2019-Materials & Design

TL;DR: This study attempted to predict solidification defects by DNN regression with a small dataset that contains 487 data points and found that a pre-trained and fine-tuned DNN shows better generalization performance over shallow neural network, support vector machine, and DNN trained by conventional methods.

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314 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Solidification crack is one of the most serious defects which occurs widely in welding [27,28], casting [29–31] and additive manufacturing (AM) [32,33], which occurs at the last stage of solidification when liquid films exist between dendrites boundaries where local strains cannot be accommodated by liquid feeding and solid deformation....
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References

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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of laser dissimilar welding of carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel

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M. R. Nekouie Esfahani¹, Jeremy M. Coupland¹, Sundar Marimuthu¹•Institutions (1)

Loughborough University¹

01 Jul 2015

TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental and numerical investigation on controlling the microstructure and brittle phase formation during laser dissimilar welding of carbon steel to austenitic stainless steel was conducted.

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Abstract: This study reports an experimental and numerical investigation on controlling the microstructure and brittle phase formation during laser dissimilar welding of carbon steel to austenitic stainless steel. The significance of alloying composition and cooling rate were experimentally investigated. The investigation revealed that above a certain specific point energy the material within the melt pool is well mixed and the laser beam position can be used to control the mechanical properties of the joint. The heat-affected zone within the high-carbon steel has significantly higher hardness than the weld area, which severely undermines the weld quality. A sequentially coupled thermo-metallurgical model was developed to investigate various heat-treatment methodology and subsequently control the microstructure of the HAZ. Strategies to control the composition leading to dramatic changes in hardness, microstructure and service performance of the dissimilar laser welded fusion zone are discussed.

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3 citations

Dissertation•DOI•

Aluminium alloys and nanocomposites manufactured via friction stirring and 3D printing processes

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Zhenglin Du

01 Jan 2018

3 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Estudo do processo de fabricação de tubos flexíveis de aço inoxidável duplex UNS 32304 utilizados na indústria de petróleo e gás

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Ida Paula Gusmão de Oliveira, Temístocles de Sousa Luz

01 Mar 2013-Soldagem & Inspecao

TL;DR: In this article, a verdadeiro efeito dos parâmetros de soldagem e do tratamento termico especificado pela literatura em situacoes de campo was identificado.

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Abstract: A principal caracteristica dos acos inoxidaveis duplex e o equilibrio entre as fases austenita e ferrita, que garantem ao material melhores indices de resistencias a corrosao e mecânica. No entanto, durante o processo de soldagem, ocorrem modificacoes estruturais, principalmente no balanco destas fases. Este desbalanceamento, em funcao dos niveis de solicitacoes mecânicas, pode levar tais regioes soldadas ao colapso. No intuito de minimizar o desequilibrio das fases na regiao soldada, diversas tecnicas sao utilizadas, tais como insercao de metal de adicao com elementos austenitizantes, uso de gas de protecao com nitrogenio ou, em outros casos, controle pos soldagem. Buscou-se identificar o verdadeiro efeito dos parâmetros de soldagem e do tratamento termico especificado pela literatura em situacoes de campo. Atraves de uma avaliacao temporal, observando uma linha de producao de tubulacao flexivel de aco inoxidavel duplex UNS 32304 durante tres anos, utilizando-se de procedimentos convencionais de soldagem com e sem a utilizacao de tratamento termico foram observadas as falhas por fratura na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA). Foi utilizado um indutor localizado para o tratamento termico, gerando um intenso fluxo de calor que promoveu temperaturas da ordem de 1000 oC a altissimas taxas de subida e descida, conforme estabelecem algumas literaturas.

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3 citations

Dissertation•

Investigation of mechanical performance and formability of welded and brazed sheet materials

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Mohammed Shaker

01 Nov 2017

TL;DR: In this paper, the deformation and forming behavior of steel-to-steel tailor welded blanks (TWBs) made from advanced high strength steel (AHSS) such as dual phase (DP780) steel.

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Abstract: In the last two decades or so, hybrid structures from dissimilar materials and/or sheet gauges have been developed to achieve weight reduction while maintaining or even improving structural performance such as stiffness, crash and impact behavior. In particular, welded and brazed sheet materials in the form of tailor blanks (TBs) are being increasingly used or considered for future applications in different applications such as automotive, aerospace and marine constructions as they offer attractive combination of strength and performance in applications where weight reduction is desirable. However, technical problems are often encountered during forming of TBs from dissimilar base sheet materials with different thickness and/or strength. These include weld line movement and non-uniform deformation. Additionally, there are premature weld failures due to the presence of softening zone (as in TBs made from advanced high strength steels), and brazed interface failure due to insufficient bonding and wetting (as in TBs made from steel and aluminum). These areas of forming of TBs need to be scientifically studied to advance the use of dissimilar materials. The current research involves an understanding of deformation and forming behavior of steel-to-steel tailor welded blanks (TWBs) made from advanced high strength steel (AHSS) such as dual phase (DP780) steel. The research also involves a study of deformation behavior of steel-to-aluminum tailor brazed blanks (TBBs). TWBs have been

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3 citations

Dissertation•

Comportement d'un arc électrique impulsionnel de forte intensité : cas du disjoncteur modulaire

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Gauthier Déplaude

03 Jul 2017

TL;DR: In this paper, a chambre d'arc modele represente de facon simplifiee l'environnement de l'arc electrique durant cette phase.

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Abstract: Le disjoncteur modulaire protege les installations electriques basse-tension contre les defauts de court-circuit. L’arc electrique, genere dans la chambre de coupure du disjoncteur lors de l’ouverture du circuit, est fractionne en plusieurs arcs dans un assemblage de multiples plaquettes metalliques, afin de limiter l’intensite du courant et d'isoler le defaut. Le travail expose dans ce document se concentre sur la phase de limitation de l’intensite du courant de court-circuit. Une chambre d’arc modele represente de facon simplifiee l’environnement de l’arc electrique durant cette phase. L'arc est amorce par une impulsion haute-tension entre deux plaquettes metalliques fixes, l'onde de courant est transitoire et de forte intensite. La pertinence du montage experimental est validee par la confrontation des phenomenes qu'il permet d'observer a ceux rencontres dans le disjoncteur. Une attention particuliere est portee a la tension d'arc, qui est une caracteristique determinante pour la performance de la limitation. L’influence du materiau des electrodes est etudiee, en distinguant le substrat d’un eventuel revetement.

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3 citations