Welding Metallurgy of

Home
/
Papers
/
Welding Metallurgy of

Welding Metallurgy of

01 Jan 1987-

About: The article was published on 1987-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 991 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Welding.

...read moreread less

Citations

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

[...]

E. O. Olakanmi¹, E. O. Olakanmi², Robert F. Cochrane¹, Kenneth Dalgarno³•Institutions (3)

University of Leeds¹, Federal University of Technology Minna², Newcastle University³

01 Oct 2015-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, the state of the art in selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) processing of aluminium powders is reviewed from different perspectives, including powder metallurgy (P/M), pulsed electric current (PECS), and laser welding of aluminium alloys.

...read moreread less

1,172 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...(......................................................3/)(16 33* VSL GSG ∆=∆ θπγ According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is perceived as being initiated by epitaxial growth from the substrate and proceeds by competitive growth toward the center line of the weld....
[...]
...100 the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucl eatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
[...]
...According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is...
[...]
...Whereas, the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucleatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Dislocation network in additive manufactured steel breaks strength–ductility trade-off

[...]

Leifeng Liu¹, Qingqing Ding², Yuan Zhong¹, Ji Zou³, Jing Wu³, Yu-Lung Chiu³, Jixue Li², Ze Zhang², Qian Yu², Zhijian Shen¹ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (3)

Stockholm University¹, Zhejiang University², University of Birmingham³

06 Dec 2017-Materials Today

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the pre-existing dislocation network, which maintains its configuration during the entire plastic deformation, is an ideal modulator that is able to slow down but not entirely block the dislocation motion.

...read moreread less

557 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties

[...]

Majid Pouranvari¹, S. P. H. Marashi²•Institutions (2)

Islamic Azad University¹, Amirkabir University of Technology²

18 Nov 2013-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental understanding of structure-properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds is discussed. And a brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Spot welding, particularly resistance spot welding (RSW), is a critical joining process in automotive industry. The development of advanced high strength steels for applications in automotive industry is accompanied with a challenge to better understand the physical and mechanical metallurgy of these materials during RSW. The present paper critically reviews the fundamental understanding of structure–properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds. The focus is on the metallurgical characteristics, hardness–microstructure correlation, interfacial to pullout failure mode transition and mechanical performance of steel resistance spot welds under quasi-static, fatigue and impact loading conditions. A brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

...read moreread less

369 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Despite the fact that Schaeffler diagram predicts two phases (austenite plus ferrite) in the FZ of AISI 304 weld nugget microstructure, under rapid solidification conditions such as laser beam welding, a shift in solidification mode may occur.(90) It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification....
[...]
...In coarse grained region, which is beside the FZ, both high cooling rate and large austenite grain size coupled with the formation of the carbon rich austenite promote the formation of the martensite.(90) Figure 15 shows the microstructure gradient in TRIP780 RSW....
[...]
...The HAZ in carbon steel weldments can be divided into three distinct subregions: (i) upper critical HAZ (UCHAZ): This region experiences peak temperatures above Ac3 transforming BM microstructure into austenite.(90) Depending on the peak temperature the supercritical HAZ can be divided to the following zones: coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) and fine grained HAZ....
[...]
...It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification.(90,95,96) Although the change in solidification mode of stainless steel in RSW has not been studied yet, very high cooling rate in RSW process can explain the formation of a fully austenitic weld nugget, as it is the case for laser beam welding....
[...]
...If this temperature is above Mf, there can be untransformed austenite left in the FZ and it can redecompose to untempered martensite upon cooling to room temperature after tempering.(90) For a particular tempering time and tempering current, there is a minimum cooling time to achieve PF mode....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

[...]

João Pedro Oliveira¹, Telmo G. Santos¹, Rosa Maria Mendes Miranda¹•Institutions (1)

University of Lisbon¹

01 Jan 2020-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.

...read moreread less

369 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Using deep neural network with small dataset to predict material defects

[...]

Shuo Feng¹, Huiyu Zhou¹, Hongbiao Dong¹•Institutions (1)

University of Leicester¹

15 Jan 2019-Materials & Design

TL;DR: This study attempted to predict solidification defects by DNN regression with a small dataset that contains 487 data points and found that a pre-trained and fine-tuned DNN shows better generalization performance over shallow neural network, support vector machine, and DNN trained by conventional methods.

...read moreread less

314 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Solidification crack is one of the most serious defects which occurs widely in welding [27,28], casting [29–31] and additive manufacturing (AM) [32,33], which occurs at the last stage of solidification when liquid films exist between dendrites boundaries where local strains cannot be accommodated by liquid feeding and solid deformation....
[...]

1
2
3
4
…
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199

Collapse

References

PDF

Open Access

More filters

Journal Article•DOI•

Attachment of Listeria monocytogenes to an austenitic stainless steel after welding and accelerated corrosion treatments

[...]

Tam L. Mai¹, Nofrijon Sofyan¹, Jeffrey W. Fergus¹, William F. Gale¹, D. E. Conner¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Auburn University¹

01 Jul 2006-Journal of Food Protection

TL;DR: Austenitic stainless steels, widely used in food processing, undergo microstructural changes during welding, resulting in three distinctive zones: weld metal, heat-affected zone, and base metal, which determine the attachment of Listeria monocytogenes in these three zones before and after exposure to a corrosive environment.

...read moreread less

19 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Investigation of heat affected zone softening in armour steels Part 1 – Phase transformation kinetics

[...]

B Hanhold¹, S. Suresh Babu², G Cola•Institutions (2)

Ford Motor Company¹, Ohio State University²

12 Nov 2013-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of initial microstructure on heat affected zone softening in high hard and flash processed steel and found that the softening was associated with allotriomorphic ferrite formation when heated to a peak temperature between Ac1 and Ac3.

...read moreread less

Abstract: Heat affected zone (HAZ) softening in two armour steels (high hard and flash processed) was investigated by monitoring phase transformations during simulated welding thermal cycles. The high hard steel was produced by conventional thermomechanical processing followed by quench and tempering. Flash processed steel was produced by rapid heating and cooling of a spheroidised steel to produce a mixed microstructure. Heat affected zone softening in high hard steel was observed on heating to a peak temperature below Ac1 due to overtempering of the original microstructure. In flash processed steel, the softening was associated with allotriomorphic ferrite formation when heated to a peak temperature between Ac1 and Ac3. The above results demonstrate the importance of initial microstructure on HAZ on phase transformation transients and associated softening in armour steels.

...read moreread less

18 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Influence of heating source position and dilution rate in achieving overmatched dissimilar welded joints

[...]

Mihaela Iordachescu¹, Danut Iordachescu¹, Elena Scutelnicu², J. Ruiz-Hervias¹, Andrés Valiente¹, L. Caballero¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

Technical University of Madrid¹, University of Galați²

01 Jul 2010-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, the overall performance of black and white joints of low carbon steel (LCS) and stainless steel thin sheets achieved by laser hybrid welding was investigated, assuming that the structural integrity is directly influenced by the processing temperature.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The investigation addresses the overall performance of black and white joints (BWJ) of low carbon steel (LCS) and stainless steel thin sheets achieved by laser hybrid welding. Assuming that the structural integrity is directly influenced by the processing temperature, a thermal simulation of BWJ of thin sheets was developed. Afterwards, the base metals apportionment at joint formation, namely their distinct dilution rate, was originally estimated from the top surface temperature variation. Defect-free laser hybrid dissimilar welds were experimentally obtained using the selected filler metal and the energetic input from the process simulation, even for a critical analysed case of heat source displacement from the weld gap centreline towards LCS. Detailed macro and microstructural examination of the BWJ and related microhardness analysis results are presented. The tensile tests results indicate that in the case of transversally loaded BWJ, the positive difference in yield between the weld metal and ...

...read moreread less

18 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Heavy ion irradiation response of an additively manufactured 316LN stainless steel

[...]

Zhongxia Shang¹, Cuncai Fan¹, Cuncai Fan², Jie Ding¹, Sichuang Xue¹, Adam Gabriel³, Lin Shao³, Thomas Voisin⁴, Y. Morris Wang⁵, Y. Morris Wang⁴, Tongjun Niu¹, Jin Li¹, Tomas Diaz de la Rubia¹, Tomas Diaz de la Rubia⁶, Haiyan Wang¹, Xinghang Zhang¹ - Show less +12 more•Institutions (6)

Purdue University¹, Oak Ridge National Laboratory², Texas A&M University³, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory⁴, University of California, Los Angeles⁵, University of Oklahoma⁶

01 Apr 2021-Journal of Nuclear Materials

TL;DR: In this paper, an additively manufactured 316LN stainless steel with high-density solidification cells was irradiated using 3.5 MeV Fe ion to a peak dose of 220 dpa at 450 ˚C.

...read moreread less

18 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Analysis of Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Continuous and Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Alloy C-276 with Duplex Stainless Steel

[...]

M. Manikandan¹, N. Arivazhagan¹, M. Arivarasu¹, K. Mageshkumar¹, Deva N. Rajan², B. Arul Murugan¹, P. Prasanth, S. Sukumar, R. Vimalanathan - Show less +5 more•Institutions (2)

VIT University¹, Panimalar Engineering College²

27 Jan 2017-Transactions of The Indian Institute of Metals

TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy C-276 fabricated by continuous and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding process and by employing ER2553 filler wire were investigated.

...read moreread less

Abstract: The present work investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy C-276 fabricated by continuous and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding process and by employing ER2553 filler wire. Optical and scanning electron microscopic analyses were carried out to study the microstructures of weldments produced. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to investigate the formation of secondary phases in the weldments. The results disclosed that pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding showed refined microstructure compared to continuous current gas tungsten arc welding. SEM/EDS analysis revealed the segregation of Mo in the weld interface regions in both the welding techniques. The extent of microsegregation reduced the strength and toughness of the weld joint compared to the base metal. Bend test revealed cracks in the weld interface region in both the weldments.

...read moreread less

18 citations