Welding Metallurgy of

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Welding Metallurgy of

01 Jan 1987-

About: The article was published on 1987-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 991 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Welding.

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Journal Article•DOI•

A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties

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E. O. Olakanmi¹, E. O. Olakanmi², Robert F. Cochrane¹, Kenneth Dalgarno³•Institutions (3)

University of Leeds¹, Federal University of Technology Minna², Newcastle University³

01 Oct 2015-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, the state of the art in selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) processing of aluminium powders is reviewed from different perspectives, including powder metallurgy (P/M), pulsed electric current (PECS), and laser welding of aluminium alloys.

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1,172 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...(......................................................3/)(16 33* VSL GSG ∆=∆ θπγ According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is perceived as being initiated by epitaxial growth from the substrate and proceeds by competitive growth toward the center line of the weld....
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...100 the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucl eatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
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...According to Kou [144] and Savage [145], growth of the solid in fusion welding is...
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...Whereas, the predominant mechanism of solidification in fusion welding is the competitive growth in the weld fusion zone, Kou [144] identified and discussed the details of other mechanisms such as dendrite fragmentation, grain detachment, heterogeneous nucleation and surface nucleatio that may tend can interrupt and/or dominate the solidification structure in fusion welding....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Dislocation network in additive manufactured steel breaks strength–ductility trade-off

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Leifeng Liu¹, Qingqing Ding², Yuan Zhong¹, Ji Zou³, Jing Wu³, Yu-Lung Chiu³, Jixue Li², Ze Zhang², Qian Yu², Zhijian Shen¹ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (3)

Stockholm University¹, Zhejiang University², University of Birmingham³

06 Dec 2017-Materials Today

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the pre-existing dislocation network, which maintains its configuration during the entire plastic deformation, is an ideal modulator that is able to slow down but not entirely block the dislocation motion.

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557 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties

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Majid Pouranvari¹, S. P. H. Marashi²•Institutions (2)

Islamic Azad University¹, Amirkabir University of Technology²

18 Nov 2013-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental understanding of structure-properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds is discussed. And a brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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Abstract: Spot welding, particularly resistance spot welding (RSW), is a critical joining process in automotive industry. The development of advanced high strength steels for applications in automotive industry is accompanied with a challenge to better understand the physical and mechanical metallurgy of these materials during RSW. The present paper critically reviews the fundamental understanding of structure–properties relationship in automotive steels resistance spot welds. The focus is on the metallurgical characteristics, hardness–microstructure correlation, interfacial to pullout failure mode transition and mechanical performance of steel resistance spot welds under quasi-static, fatigue and impact loading conditions. A brief review of friction stir spot welding, as an alternative to RSW, is also included.

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369 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Despite the fact that Schaeffler diagram predicts two phases (austenite plus ferrite) in the FZ of AISI 304 weld nugget microstructure, under rapid solidification conditions such as laser beam welding, a shift in solidification mode may occur.(90) It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification....
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...In coarse grained region, which is beside the FZ, both high cooling rate and large austenite grain size coupled with the formation of the carbon rich austenite promote the formation of the martensite.(90) Figure 15 shows the microstructure gradient in TRIP780 RSW....
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...The HAZ in carbon steel weldments can be divided into three distinct subregions: (i) upper critical HAZ (UCHAZ): This region experiences peak temperatures above Ac3 transforming BM microstructure into austenite.(90) Depending on the peak temperature the supercritical HAZ can be divided to the following zones: coarse grained HAZ (CGHAZ) and fine grained HAZ....
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...It is generally believed that the change in solidification mode can often result in a fully austenitic microstructure compared to the two phase (ferrite plus austenite) microstructure that is commonly found after primary ferrite solidification.(90,95,96) Although the change in solidification mode of stainless steel in RSW has not been studied yet, very high cooling rate in RSW process can explain the formation of a fully austenitic weld nugget, as it is the case for laser beam welding....
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...If this temperature is above Mf, there can be untransformed austenite left in the FZ and it can redecompose to untempered martensite upon cooling to room temperature after tempering.(90) For a particular tempering time and tempering current, there is a minimum cooling time to achieve PF mode....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice

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João Pedro Oliveira¹, Telmo G. Santos¹, Rosa Maria Mendes Miranda¹•Institutions (1)

University of Lisbon¹

01 Jan 2020-Progress in Materials Science

TL;DR: In this article, a unified equation to compute the energy density is proposed to compare works performed with distinct equipment and experimental conditions, covering the major process parameters: power, travel speed, heat source dimension, hatch distance, deposited layer thickness and material grain size.

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369 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Using deep neural network with small dataset to predict material defects

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Shuo Feng¹, Huiyu Zhou¹, Hongbiao Dong¹•Institutions (1)

University of Leicester¹

15 Jan 2019-Materials & Design

TL;DR: This study attempted to predict solidification defects by DNN regression with a small dataset that contains 487 data points and found that a pre-trained and fine-tuned DNN shows better generalization performance over shallow neural network, support vector machine, and DNN trained by conventional methods.

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314 citations

Cites background from "Welding Metallurgy of"

...Solidification crack is one of the most serious defects which occurs widely in welding [27,28], casting [29–31] and additive manufacturing (AM) [32,33], which occurs at the last stage of solidification when liquid films exist between dendrites boundaries where local strains cannot be accommodated by liquid feeding and solid deformation....
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References

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Journal Article•

Mechanical and metallurgical investigation on gas metal arc welding of super austenitic stainless steel

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Paulraj Sathiya¹, A. Sudhakaran¹, R. Soundararajan•Institutions (1)

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli¹

25 May 2012-International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering

TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure and mechanical properties of super austenitic stainless steel butt joints made by gas metal arc welding with different shielding gas mixtures were investigated under two sets of optimized parameters employing three different shielding gases.

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Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to present the investigations of the microstructure and mechanical properties of super austenitic stainless steel butt joints made by gas metal arc welding with different shielding gas mixtures. Welding was performed under two sets of optimized parameters employing three different shielding gases, namely 100% argon, 80% argon+20% CO2 and 100% CO2. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the welds were examined. The fully austenitic base microstructure got transformed into primary dendritic and secondary interdendritic phases in the weld zone. Higher amount of secondary interdendritic phase was observed in the welds made under 100% argon gas whereas a rich amount of long columnar dendritic structures were observed in the welds made under 100% CO2 gas. Welds made under 80% argon+20%CO2 gas under the second set of parameter was found to exhibit comparatively better mechanical properties due to proper amount of the dendritic and interdendritic grain structures in the weld region.

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8 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Post-weld Heat Treatment and Groove Angles Affect the Mechanical Properties of T92/Super 304H Dissimilar Steel Weld Joints

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Wang Shuo, Wei Limin, Cheng Yi, Tan Shuping

26 Jul 2018-High Temperature Materials and Processes

TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints between T92 and Super 304H steels were investigated, and the optimal groove angle for T92/Super 304H dissimilar joints was found to be 20°, considering mechanical properties.

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Abstract: Abstract The microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints between T92 and Super 304H steels were investigated. Dissimilar weld joints with four groove angles were constructed using gas tungsten arc welding. The results showed that post-weld heat treatment improved the mechanical properties of the dissimilar weld joints. The optimal groove angle for T92/Super 304H dissimilar weld joints was found to be 20°, considering mechanical properties. Furthermore, the transformation from equiaxed dendrites to columnar dendrites was observed in the weld metal. Epitaxial growth and delta ferrites were found around the fusion line between the Super 304H and the weld metal.

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8 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Towards process consistency and in-situ evaluation of porosity during laser powder bed additive manufacturing

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J. Raplee¹, Joy Gockel², F.A. List³, Keith Carver³, S. Foster³, T. McFalls¹, Vincent C. Paquit³, R. Rao¹, D. W. Gandy⁴, S. Suresh Babu¹ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (4)

University of Tennessee¹, Wright State University², Oak Ridge National Laboratory³, Vanderbilt University⁴

29 Sep 2020-Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

TL;DR: In this article, in-situ measurements of heat transfer conditions were taken for welding and additive manufacturing with reference to spatial and temporal variations in heat transfer, and the results showed that there is a synergy between additive manufacturing and welding.

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Abstract: There is a synergy between welding and additive manufacturing with reference to spatial and temporal variations of heat transfer. In this research, in-situ measurements of heat transfer conditions ...

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8 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The effect of rolling direction on the weld structure and mechanical properties of DP 1000 steel

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Walid Khraisat¹, Wisam Abu Jadayil², Yazan Al-Zain¹, Sa'ed A. Musmar¹•Institutions (2)

University of Jordan¹, American University of Ras Al Khaimah²

01 Jan 2018-Cogent engineering

TL;DR: In this article, the welding direction dependence on the rolling direction was investigated for a welded DP1000, a sheet made from a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process.

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Abstract: Since gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a common procedure to join different sheets in the industry, the welding direction dependence on the rolling direction was investigated for a welded DP1000, a ...

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8 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Activated flux TIG welding of stainless steel pipes

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M. Dramićanin, Sebastian Balos, P. Janjatović, I. Zabunov, V. Grabulov - Show less +1 more

01 Jan 2019-Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly

TL;DR: In this article, the presence of TiO2 nanoparticle-based activated flux combined with orbital welding of seamless thick-walled pipes of stainless steel and lowcycle pulse current was done, representing a novel combination of welding processes parameters.

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Abstract: In this work, the presence of TiO2 nanoparticle-based activated flux combined with orbital welding of seamless thick-walled pipes of stainless steel and lowcycle pulse current was done, representing a novel combination of welding processes parameters. Control specimens were welded without flux and consumable material, and without flux with the consumable material. Experimental welding with different welding parameters was done. Special attention was given to characterize the flux by zetasizer method, representing a new approach, versus the conventional approach where the nominal oxide particle size is reported. The obtained welds were visually tested, macroanalyzed, their microstructures examined, and their tensile and bending properties determined. The results show that the flux influences a significant increase in penetration depth, up to full penetration, which has a positive effect on the increase in the tensile and bending properties of the weld metal. Material behavior model was developed, based on microstructural features of the near weld-line. Without the flux, grain enlargement occurred near the surface, while with flux, it occurred under the weld, which can be attributed to recrystallization and a reversed Marangoni convection.

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8 citations