Journal ArticleDOI
West Nile virus infection and immunity
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TLDR
An overview of recent research that has revealed the virus–host interface controlling WNV infection and immunity is provided.Abstract:
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging neurotropic flavivirus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. WNV has disseminated broadly in the Western hemisphere and now poses a significant public health risk. The continuing spread of WNV, combined with the lack of specific therapeutics or vaccines to combat or prevent infection, imparts a pressing need to identify the viral and host processes that control the outcome of and immunity to WNV infection. Here, we provide an overview of recent research that has revealed the virus-host interface controlling WNV infection and immunity.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Zika Virus Infects Human Cortical Neural Progenitors and Attenuates Their Growth
Hengli Tang,Christy Hammack,Sarah C. Ogden,Zhexing Wen,Xuyu Qian,Yujing Li,Bing Yao,Jaehoon Shin,Feiran Zhang,Emily M. Lee,Kimberly M. Christian,Ruth Didier,Peng Jin,Hongjun Song,Guo Li Ming +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that a strain of the ZIKV, MR766, serially passaged in monkey and mosquito cells efficiently infects human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, identified as a direct ZikV target, and reveals transcriptional dysregulation, notably of cell-cycle-related pathways.
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Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years
TL;DR: This paper presents for the first time a comprehensive overview of antiviral drugs approved over the past 50 years, shedding light on the development of effective antiviral treatments against current and emerging infectious diseases worldwide.
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Zika Virus Infects Human Placental Macrophages
Kendra M. Quicke,Kendra M. Quicke,James R. Bowen,James R. Bowen,Erica L Johnson,Circe E. McDonald,Circe E. McDonald,Huailiang Ma,Huailiang Ma,Justin T. O’Neal,Justin T. O’Neal,Augustine Rajakumar,Jens Wrammert,Jens Wrammert,Bassam H. Rimawi,Bali Pulendran,Bali Pulendran,Raymond F. Schinazi,Rana Chakraborty,Mehul S. Suthar,Mehul S. Suthar +20 more
TL;DR: The results suggest a mechanism for intrauterine transmission in which ZIKV gains access to the fetal compartment by directly infecting placental cells and disrupting the placental barrier.
Journal ArticleDOI
The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses
TL;DR: The basic biology of these viruses, their life cycles, the diseases they cause and available therapeutic options are reviewed, and the global distribution of flaviviruses is discussed, with a focus on lesser-known species that have the potential to emerge more broadly in human populations.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
TL;DR: New insights into innate immunity are changing the way the way the authors think about pathogenesis and the treatment of infectious diseases, allergy, and autoimmunity.
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Species-Specific Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA via Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8
Florian Heil,Hiroaki Hemmi,Hubertus Hochrein,Franziska Ampenberger,Carsten J. Kirschning,Shizuo Akira,Grayson B. Lipford,Hermann Wagner,Stefan Bauer +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich ssRNA oligonucleotides derived from human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) stimulate dendritic cells and macrophages to secrete interferon-α and proinflammatory, as well as regulatory, cytokines, and these data suggest that ssRNA represents a physiological ligand for TLR7 and TLR8.
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Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
Masahiro Yamamoto,Shintaro Sato,Hiroaki Hemmi,Katsuaki Hoshino,Tsuneyasu Kaisho,Hideki Sanjo,Osamu Takeuchi,Masanaka Sugiyama,Masaru Okabe,Kiyoshi Takeda,Shizuo Akira +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that TRIF is essential for TLR3- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways facilitating mammalian antiviral host defense and complete loss of nuclear factor kappa B activation in response toTLR4 stimulation is demonstrated.
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Virus interference. I The interferon
Alick Isaacs,Jean Lindenmann +1 more
TL;DR: During a study of the interference produced by heat-inactivated influenza virus with the growth of live virus in fragments of chick chorio-allantoic membrane it was found that following incubation of heated virus with membrane a new factor was released.
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Innate or Adaptive Immunity? The Example of Natural Killer Cells
Eric Vivier,David H. Raulet,Alessandro Moretta,Michael A. Caligiuri,Laurence Zitvogel,Lewis L. Lanier,Wayne M. Yokoyama,Sophie Ugolini,Sophie Ugolini +8 more
TL;DR: NK cells are now recognized to express a repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors that is calibrated to ensure self-tolerance while allowing efficacy against assaults such as viral infection and tumor development.