What is stressful for females? Differential effects of unpredictable environmental or social stress in CD1 female mice.
TL;DR: It was showed that female mice were more sensitive to nonsocial stress due to unpredictable physical environment than to social instability stressors, thus confirming the difficulties of developing a robust and validated model of chronic psychosocial stress in female mice.
About: This article is published in Hormones and Behavior.The article was published on 2018-02-01. It has received 30 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Social stress & Chronic stress.
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TL;DR: The meta‐analysis indicated that theCUMS protocol is a robust animal model of depression and is strongly associated with anhedonic behavior in rodents, however, high heterogeneity was found in the single subgroup analysis, which was attributable to modification of the CUMS and sucrose preference protocols.
307 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that if anything is wrong with animal models, including those for depression, it is not about the principle of modelling complex human disorder in animals but in the way the tests are selected, conducted and interpreted.
Abstract: Animal models of depression are certainly needed but the question in the title has been raised owing to the controversies in the interpretation of the readout in a number of tests, to the perceived lack of progress in the development of novel treatments and to the expressed doubts in whether animal models can offer anything to make a true breakthrough in understanding the neurobiology of depression and producing novel drugs against depression. Herewith, it is argued that if anything is wrong with animal models, including those for depression, it is not about the principle of modelling complex human disorder in animals but in the way the tests are selected, conducted and interpreted. Further progress in the study of depression and in developing new treatments, will be supported by animal models of depression if these were more critically targeted to drug screening vs. studies of underlying neurobiology, clearly stratified to vulnerability and pathogenetic models, focused on well-defined endophenotypes and validated for each setting while bearing the existing limits to validation in mind. Animal models of depression need not to rely merely on behavioural readouts but increasingly incorporate neurobiological measures as the understanding of depression as human brain disorder advances. Further developments would be fostered by cross-fertilizinga translational approach that is bidirectional, research on humans making more use of neurobiological findings in animals.
57 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that females use fighting, chasing and mounting behaviors to rapidly establish highly directionally consistent social relationships, which are less linear, steep and despotic compared to male hierarchies.
Abstract: Social hierarchies emerge when animals compete for access to resources such as food, mates or physical space. Wild and laboratory male mice have been shown to develop linear hierarchies, however, less is known regarding whether female mice have sufficient intrasexual competition to establish significant social dominance relationships. In this study, we examined whether groups of outbred CD-1 virgin female mice housed in a large vivaria formed social hierarchies. We show that females use fighting, chasing and mounting behaviors to rapidly establish highly directionally consistent social relationships. Notably, these female hierarchies are less linear, steep and despotic compared to male hierarchies. Female estrus state was not found to have a significant effect on aggressive behavior, though dominant females had elongated estrus cycles (due to increased time in estrus) compared to subordinate females. Plasma estradiol levels were equivalent between dominant and subordinate females. Subordinate females had significantly higher levels of basal corticosterone compared to dominant females. Analyses of gene expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus indicated that subordinate females have elevated ERα, ERβ and OTR mRNA compared to dominant females. This study provides a methodological framework for the study of the neuroendocrine basis of female social aggression and dominance in laboratory mice.
51 citations
TL;DR: It is found that position in the social hierarchy at baseline was a significant predictor of multiple behavioral outcomes following exposure to chronic stress, and this association carried opposite consequences for the two sexes.
Abstract: Most people experience chronic stress at some point in their life, which may increase their chances of developing depression or anxiety. There is evidence that chronic stress may more negatively impact the well-being of women, placing them as higher risk of developing these mental health conditions. The biological factors that underlie these differences are not well understood, which leaves clinicians and scientists struggling to develop and provide effective treatments. The social environment has a powerful influence on how people experience and cope with stress. For example, a person’s social and socioeconomic status can change their perception of and reaction to everyday stress. Researchers have found differences in how men and women relate to their social standing. One way for scientists to learn more about the biological processes involved is to study the effect of social standing and chronic stress in male and female mice. Now, Karamihalev, Brivio et al. show that social status influences the behavior of stressed mice in a sex-specific way. In the experiments, an automated observation system documented the behavior of mice living in all female or male groups. Karamihalev, Brivio et al. determined where each animal fit into the social structure of their group. Then, they exposed some groups of mice to mild chronic stress and compared their behaviors to groups of mice housed in normal conditions. They found that both the sex and social status of each played a role in how they responded to stress. For example, subordinate males displayed more anxious behavior under stressful circumstances, while dominant females acted bolder and less anxious. More studies in mice are needed to understand the biological basis of these social- and sex-based differences in stress response. Learning more may help scientists understand why some individuals are more susceptible to the effects of stress and lead to the development of personalized prevention or treatment strategies for anxiety and depression.
40 citations
Cites background from "What is stressful for females? Diff..."
...We are, however, not the first to observe no change in adrenal size or sucrose preference in female CD1 mice (Dadomo et al., 2018)....
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TL;DR: Findings indicate that CVS is an effective model for HPA axis dysregulation in the female mouse and may be relevant for stress-related diseases.
29 citations
References
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TL;DR: Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups.
Abstract: Context Little is known about lifetime prevalence or age of onset of DSM-IV disorders. Objective To estimate lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the recently completed National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Design and Setting Nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 using the fully structured World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Participants Nine thousand two hundred eighty-two English-speaking respondents aged 18 years and older. Main Outcome Measures Lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse-control, and substance use disorders. Results Lifetime prevalence estimates are as follows: anxiety disorders, 28.8%; mood disorders, 20.8%; impulse-control disorders, 24.8%; substance use disorders, 14.6%; any disorder, 46.4%. Median age of onset is much earlier for anxiety (11 years) and impulse-control (11 years) disorders than for substance use (20 years) and mood (30 years) disorders. Half of all lifetime cases start by age 14 years and three fourths by age 24 years. Later onsets are mostly of comorbid conditions, with estimated lifetime risk of any disorder at age 75 years (50.8%) only slightly higher than observed lifetime prevalence (46.4%). Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions About half of Americans will meet the criteria for a DSM-IV disorder sometime in their life, with first onset usually in childhood or adolescence. Interventions aimed at prevention or early treatment need to focus on youth.
17,213 citations
"What is stressful for females? Diff..." refers background in this paper
...…chronic stress exposure (Belmaker and Agam, 2008; Kendler et al., 1999), presents high comorbidity with anxiety-related disorders (Hirschfeld, 2001; Kessler et al., 2005; Kennedy, 2008) and is twice as common in women than in men (Gorman, 2006; Kendler et al., 1995, 2002; Kessler, 2007; Tafet and…...
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..., 1999), presents high comorbidity with anxiety-related disorders (Hirschfeld, 2001; Kessler et al., 2005; Kennedy, 2008) and is twice as common in women than in men (Gorman, 2006; Kendler et al....
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...…(Holmes et al., 2006) and psychopathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (Wilson et al., 2003), depression and anxiety disorders (Belmaker and Agam, 2008; Cryan and Slattery, 2007; Kendler et al., 1999; Kessler, 1997; Kessler et al., 2005; Lupien et al., 2009; Nestler et al., 2002; Wang, 2005)....
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..., 2003), depression and anxiety disorders (Belmaker and Agam, 2008; Cryan and Slattery, 2007; Kendler et al., 1999; Kessler, 1997; Kessler et al., 2005; Lupien et al., 2009; Nestler et al., 2002; Wang, 2005)....
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5,173 citations
"What is stressful for females? Diff..." refers background in this paper
...In addition, not all depression and anxiety disorders in women, but also in men, are alike (Goldberg, 2011; Insel et al., 2010; Nandi et al., 2009)....
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TL;DR: In this Review a model is developed to explain why different disorders emerge in individuals exposed to stress at different times in their lives.
Abstract: Chronic exposure to stress hormones, whether it occurs during the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood or aging, has an impact on brain structures involved in cognition and mental health. However, the specific effects on the brain, behaviour and cognition emerge as a function of the timing and the duration of the exposure, and some also depend on the interaction between gene effects and previous exposure to environmental adversity. Advances in animal and human studies have made it possible to synthesize these findings, and in this Review a model is developed to explain why different disorders emerge in individuals exposed to stress at different times in their lives.
4,739 citations
Dresden University of Technology1, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health2, Karlstad University3, Stockholm School of Economics4, University of Copenhagen5, Karolinska Institutet6, University of Florence7, University of Basel8, University of Zurich9, Maastricht University10, University of Lausanne11, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction12, Aarhus University Hospital13
TL;DR: The true size and burden of disorders of the brain in the EU was significantly underestimated in the past, and Concerted priority action is needed at all levels, including substantially increased funding for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions.
3,079 citations
TL;DR: This paper summarizes the current views on coping styles as a useful concept in understanding individual adaptive capacity and vulnerability to stress-related disease and indicates the existence of a proactive and a reactive coping style in feral populations.
2,555 citations
"What is stressful for females? Diff..." refers background in this paper
...Again, CMS females seem to show a conflicting profile as increased social exploration should indicate lower anxiety towards novel conspecifics (Koolhaas et al., 1999, 2007), whereas risk-assessment behavior is traditionally considered as an anxiety-like marker (Blanchard et al., 2011; Dadomo et…...
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